Breast Cancer
Case Study Name: Content related to the case study
Client Profile - Chandra Marshall, 62 years old
- Caucasian women who is widowed and has one daughter, age 30
- Both attend a community education program promoting breast
cancer awareness
- Had a hysterectomy (remove uterus) 5 years ago, does not have
periods
- Discovers a lump on her breast
- A mass is seen on her mammogram that is found to be
a cancerous tumor requiring surgery
Brief explanation of Breast Cancer: Breast cancer can begin in different parts of the breast.
illness/surgical The main components of breasts are the lobules (milk producing glands)
procedure and ducts (milk passages that connect the lobules and the nipple). Most
breast cancers begin in the ducts or lobules. Breast cancer can spread
outside the breast through blood vessels and lymph vessels.
Breast Self Exam (BSE): Breast self-examination is a screening
method used in an attempt to detect early breast cancer. The method
involves the woman herself looking at and feeling each breast for
possible lumps, distortions or swelling.
- Lie down and place your left arm behind your head. Lying
down spreads the breast tissue.
- Use finger pads of the three middle fingers on your right hand to
feel for lumps in the left breast. Use circular motions. A firm
ridge in the lower curve of each breast is normal.
Mammogram
- An X-ray image of your breasts used to screen for breast cancer
- Some discomfort for a few minutes
- Should be done annually
Stereotactic Core Needle Biopsy
- Tumor specimen found to be cancerous
Modified radical mastectomy with abdominal myocutaneous
reconstruction: Involves removal of breast tissue and lymph nodes,
but conserves the pectoralis major muscle. Reconstruction involves the
use
of a flap of skin and muscle from the abdomen to create a breast mound.
This study source was downloaded by 100000810282105 from CourseHero.com on 08-15-2021 15:36:16 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/61757695/Breast-Cancerdocx/
, Important factors to - Risk factors that contribute to breast cancer:
consider (such as - Female: accounts for 99% of breast cancer cases
complications) with - Age 50+: majority of cases are with postmenopausal
the illness/surgical women and incidences great increase after age 60
procedure - Family History: Breast cancer in a first degree relative-
particularly when the person is postmenopausal or the
tumor is bilateral increases gene mutations (BRCA1 or
BRCA2) play a role in 5-10% of breast cancer cases
- Hormonal Use: The use of estrogen, progesterone, or
both as hormone therapy, especially in
postmenopausal women, increases risk
- Personal History of Breast Cancer, Colon Cancer,
Endometrial Cancer, Ovarian Cancer: Personal
history significantly increases risk of breast cancer
- Early Menarche (<age 12): A long menstrual
history increases the risk for breast cancer
- First Full-Term Pregnancy After Age 30; Nulliparity:
Prolonged exposure to unopposed estrogen increases risk
for breast cancer
- Benign Breast Disorder with Atypical Epithelial
Hyperplasia, LCIS: Atypical changes in breast biopsy
increase risk for breast cancer
- Dense Breast Tissue: Mammograms are harder to read
and interpret. Dense tissue may be associated with
more aggressive tumors
- Weight Gain & Obesity After Menopause: Fat cells
store estrogen, which increases the likelihood of
developing breast cancer
- Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
- Alcohol Consumption: Women who drink 1+
beverages per day have an increased risk
- Physical Inactivity
- BSE best performed 7 days after the start of menstrual flow
when the breasts are least engorged and tender.
- Compromised immune system due to chemotherapy
- The main complication of breast cancer is recurrence
- May be local or regional (skin or soft tissue near the
mastectomy site, axillary or internal mammary lymph
nodes) or distant (most commonly involving bone, the
lung, the brain, or liver)
Purpose and types - Antineoplastic Chemotherapy Medication
This study source was downloaded by 100000810282105 from CourseHero.com on 08-15-2021 15:36:16 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/61757695/Breast-Cancerdocx/
Case Study Name: Content related to the case study
Client Profile - Chandra Marshall, 62 years old
- Caucasian women who is widowed and has one daughter, age 30
- Both attend a community education program promoting breast
cancer awareness
- Had a hysterectomy (remove uterus) 5 years ago, does not have
periods
- Discovers a lump on her breast
- A mass is seen on her mammogram that is found to be
a cancerous tumor requiring surgery
Brief explanation of Breast Cancer: Breast cancer can begin in different parts of the breast.
illness/surgical The main components of breasts are the lobules (milk producing glands)
procedure and ducts (milk passages that connect the lobules and the nipple). Most
breast cancers begin in the ducts or lobules. Breast cancer can spread
outside the breast through blood vessels and lymph vessels.
Breast Self Exam (BSE): Breast self-examination is a screening
method used in an attempt to detect early breast cancer. The method
involves the woman herself looking at and feeling each breast for
possible lumps, distortions or swelling.
- Lie down and place your left arm behind your head. Lying
down spreads the breast tissue.
- Use finger pads of the three middle fingers on your right hand to
feel for lumps in the left breast. Use circular motions. A firm
ridge in the lower curve of each breast is normal.
Mammogram
- An X-ray image of your breasts used to screen for breast cancer
- Some discomfort for a few minutes
- Should be done annually
Stereotactic Core Needle Biopsy
- Tumor specimen found to be cancerous
Modified radical mastectomy with abdominal myocutaneous
reconstruction: Involves removal of breast tissue and lymph nodes,
but conserves the pectoralis major muscle. Reconstruction involves the
use
of a flap of skin and muscle from the abdomen to create a breast mound.
This study source was downloaded by 100000810282105 from CourseHero.com on 08-15-2021 15:36:16 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/61757695/Breast-Cancerdocx/
, Important factors to - Risk factors that contribute to breast cancer:
consider (such as - Female: accounts for 99% of breast cancer cases
complications) with - Age 50+: majority of cases are with postmenopausal
the illness/surgical women and incidences great increase after age 60
procedure - Family History: Breast cancer in a first degree relative-
particularly when the person is postmenopausal or the
tumor is bilateral increases gene mutations (BRCA1 or
BRCA2) play a role in 5-10% of breast cancer cases
- Hormonal Use: The use of estrogen, progesterone, or
both as hormone therapy, especially in
postmenopausal women, increases risk
- Personal History of Breast Cancer, Colon Cancer,
Endometrial Cancer, Ovarian Cancer: Personal
history significantly increases risk of breast cancer
- Early Menarche (<age 12): A long menstrual
history increases the risk for breast cancer
- First Full-Term Pregnancy After Age 30; Nulliparity:
Prolonged exposure to unopposed estrogen increases risk
for breast cancer
- Benign Breast Disorder with Atypical Epithelial
Hyperplasia, LCIS: Atypical changes in breast biopsy
increase risk for breast cancer
- Dense Breast Tissue: Mammograms are harder to read
and interpret. Dense tissue may be associated with
more aggressive tumors
- Weight Gain & Obesity After Menopause: Fat cells
store estrogen, which increases the likelihood of
developing breast cancer
- Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
- Alcohol Consumption: Women who drink 1+
beverages per day have an increased risk
- Physical Inactivity
- BSE best performed 7 days after the start of menstrual flow
when the breasts are least engorged and tender.
- Compromised immune system due to chemotherapy
- The main complication of breast cancer is recurrence
- May be local or regional (skin or soft tissue near the
mastectomy site, axillary or internal mammary lymph
nodes) or distant (most commonly involving bone, the
lung, the brain, or liver)
Purpose and types - Antineoplastic Chemotherapy Medication
This study source was downloaded by 100000810282105 from CourseHero.com on 08-15-2021 15:36:16 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/61757695/Breast-Cancerdocx/
