SKELETAL SYSTEM
THE SKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES ON THE
★ Parts of the skeletal system BASIS OF SHAPE
○ Bones (skeleton)
○ Joints
○ Cartilages
○ Ligaments (bone to
bone)(tendon=bone to
muscle)
★ Divided into two divisions
○ Axial skeleton: bones of the
skull, vertebral column, and
rib cage
○ Appendicular skeleton:
bones of the upper and
lower limbs, shoulder and
hip
CLASSIFICATION OF BONES
FUNCTION OF THE BONE
1. Long bones
★ Typically
★ Support of the body
longer than
★ Protection of soft organs
wide
★ Movement due to attached skeletal
★ Have a
muscles
shaft with
★ Storage of minerals and fats
heads at
★ Blood cell formation
both ends
BONES OF HUMAN BODY ★ Contain
mostly
compact
★ The adult skeleton has 206 bones bone
★ Examples:
Two basic types of bone tissue
Femur,
★ Compact bone humerus
○ Homogeneous
★ Spongy bone
○ Small needle-like pieces of 2. Short bones
bone ★ General cube-shape
○ Many open spaces ★ Contain most spongy
○ Ex: carpals, tarsals
, 3. Flat bones 2. Sharpey’s fibers
★ Thin and ● Secure periosteum to
flattened underlying bone
★ Usually 3. Arteries
curved ● Supply bone cells with
★ Thin layers nutrients.
of
compact
bone
around a
layer of
spongy
bone
★ Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum
4. Irregular bones
★ Irregular
shape
★ Do not fit into
other bone
classification 4. Articular Cartilage
categories ● Covers the external surface
of the epiphysis
★ Example: ● Made of hyaline cartilage
Vertebrae ● Decreases friction at joint
and hip surfaces
GROSS ANATOMY OF A LONG BONE
★ Diaphysis
○ Shaft
(middle)
○ Composed
of
compact
bone
★ Epiphysis
○ Ends of
the bone
○ Composed
mostly of
spongy
bone 5. Medullary cavity
● Cavity of the shaft
● Contains yellow marrow
(mostly fat) in adults
● Contains red marrow (for
blood cell formation) in
STRUCTURE OF LONG BONE infants
1. Periosteum BONE MARKINGS
● Outside covering of the
diaphysis ★ Surface features of bones
● Fibrous connective tissue ★ Sites of attachments for muscles,
membrane tendons, and ligaments
THE SKELETAL SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION OF BONES ON THE
★ Parts of the skeletal system BASIS OF SHAPE
○ Bones (skeleton)
○ Joints
○ Cartilages
○ Ligaments (bone to
bone)(tendon=bone to
muscle)
★ Divided into two divisions
○ Axial skeleton: bones of the
skull, vertebral column, and
rib cage
○ Appendicular skeleton:
bones of the upper and
lower limbs, shoulder and
hip
CLASSIFICATION OF BONES
FUNCTION OF THE BONE
1. Long bones
★ Typically
★ Support of the body
longer than
★ Protection of soft organs
wide
★ Movement due to attached skeletal
★ Have a
muscles
shaft with
★ Storage of minerals and fats
heads at
★ Blood cell formation
both ends
BONES OF HUMAN BODY ★ Contain
mostly
compact
★ The adult skeleton has 206 bones bone
★ Examples:
Two basic types of bone tissue
Femur,
★ Compact bone humerus
○ Homogeneous
★ Spongy bone
○ Small needle-like pieces of 2. Short bones
bone ★ General cube-shape
○ Many open spaces ★ Contain most spongy
○ Ex: carpals, tarsals
, 3. Flat bones 2. Sharpey’s fibers
★ Thin and ● Secure periosteum to
flattened underlying bone
★ Usually 3. Arteries
curved ● Supply bone cells with
★ Thin layers nutrients.
of
compact
bone
around a
layer of
spongy
bone
★ Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum
4. Irregular bones
★ Irregular
shape
★ Do not fit into
other bone
classification 4. Articular Cartilage
categories ● Covers the external surface
of the epiphysis
★ Example: ● Made of hyaline cartilage
Vertebrae ● Decreases friction at joint
and hip surfaces
GROSS ANATOMY OF A LONG BONE
★ Diaphysis
○ Shaft
(middle)
○ Composed
of
compact
bone
★ Epiphysis
○ Ends of
the bone
○ Composed
mostly of
spongy
bone 5. Medullary cavity
● Cavity of the shaft
● Contains yellow marrow
(mostly fat) in adults
● Contains red marrow (for
blood cell formation) in
STRUCTURE OF LONG BONE infants
1. Periosteum BONE MARKINGS
● Outside covering of the
diaphysis ★ Surface features of bones
● Fibrous connective tissue ★ Sites of attachments for muscles,
membrane tendons, and ligaments
