Galen NUR 242 Exam 3 Respiratory Set
What is sleep apnea? - ANS person stops breathing for at least 10 seconds repeatedly during
sleep
What is the most common cause of sleep apnea? - ANS obstructive sleep apnea
What is the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea? - ANS airway is restricted as a result of
tissue collapse in the airway
How is pharyngeal space decreased during sleep? - ANS muscle in airway relax causing tongue
and soft palate to become displaced
What are the risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea - ANS obesity, large neck circumference,
narrowed airway, chronic nasal congestion, allergic rhinitis, smoking, diabetes, family history,
asthma, non-white, age 50-59, male, recessed lower jaw
What defines large neck circumference? - ANS Men neck > 17in; Women neck >16 inches
What is the stereotype for obstructive sleep apnea? - ANS obese, middle aged male
Obstructive sleep apnea symptoms at night - ANS snoring, restlessness, nocturia, gasping for
air, choking, apneic events(minimum of 10 sec), sweating
Obstructive sleep apnea daytime symptoms - ANS exhaustion, irritability, morning headaches,
memory loss, dry mouth
Consequences of obstructive sleep apnea - ANS relationship tensions, hypertension, right sided
heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, angina, hypoxia,
polycythemia Vera
How does obstructive sleep apnea get diagnosed? - ANS formal sleep study
What is the non-surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea? - ANS weight loss, avoid
alcohol, avoid sedatives, avoid smoking, sleep on side, elevate head of the bed, intra-oral
devices, CPAP
What does a CPAP do? - ANS prevents airway collapse by using the continuous pressure to
keep bronchioles and alveoli slightly open
What are the surgical treatments for obstructive sleep apnea? - ANS T&A (peds), nasal surgery,
UPPP, oral appliance
, What does an oral appliance do to treat obstructive sleep apnea? - ANS moves the jaw forward
to reduce the narrowing of the airway that exists
What is asthma? - ANS chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of the airway that occurs from
inflammation and hyperresponsiveness
Is asthma reversible? - ANS Yes, if caught early enough but too much time causes scarring and
then it cannot be reversed
What assessment findings would you expect to see in a patient with asthma? - ANS chest
tightness, dyspnea, wheezing, cough, accessory muscle use, tachypnea
What are the triggers of asthma? - ANS idiopathic, exercise, infection, GERD, air pollution,
allergens, medications
What are the normal symptoms of asthma? - ANS short of breath, increased respiratory rate,
coughing, chest tightness, dyspnea, wheezing (esp on exhalation)
What are the alarm symptoms of asthma? - ANS use of accessory muscles, decreased breath
sounds, diaphoresis, cough that will not stop, silent chest
What is AERD? - ANS aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease
What are the clinical features of AERD? - ANS asthma, sinus disease, sensitivity to aspirin and
other NSAIDS
What are the symptoms of AERD? - ANS nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing,
laryngospasm, cough, wheeze, loss of sense of smell, chest tightness
What treatment is used for AERD? - ANS avoid all NSAIDs and alcohol; some may also need
daily inhaled corticosteroids
What are the treatment options for asthma? - ANS short acting beta agonist (SABA), long acting
beta agonist (LABA), inhaled corticosteroids, cromolyn, leukotriene receptor agonist (LRA)
What is the only medication to be used in an acute attack or emergent asthma episode? - ANS
albuterol
What is the goal of a spacer? - ANS make more medication reach the lungs
Which zone on an peak flow meter indicates a need for emergency care? - ANS Red
What is sleep apnea? - ANS person stops breathing for at least 10 seconds repeatedly during
sleep
What is the most common cause of sleep apnea? - ANS obstructive sleep apnea
What is the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea? - ANS airway is restricted as a result of
tissue collapse in the airway
How is pharyngeal space decreased during sleep? - ANS muscle in airway relax causing tongue
and soft palate to become displaced
What are the risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea - ANS obesity, large neck circumference,
narrowed airway, chronic nasal congestion, allergic rhinitis, smoking, diabetes, family history,
asthma, non-white, age 50-59, male, recessed lower jaw
What defines large neck circumference? - ANS Men neck > 17in; Women neck >16 inches
What is the stereotype for obstructive sleep apnea? - ANS obese, middle aged male
Obstructive sleep apnea symptoms at night - ANS snoring, restlessness, nocturia, gasping for
air, choking, apneic events(minimum of 10 sec), sweating
Obstructive sleep apnea daytime symptoms - ANS exhaustion, irritability, morning headaches,
memory loss, dry mouth
Consequences of obstructive sleep apnea - ANS relationship tensions, hypertension, right sided
heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, angina, hypoxia,
polycythemia Vera
How does obstructive sleep apnea get diagnosed? - ANS formal sleep study
What is the non-surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea? - ANS weight loss, avoid
alcohol, avoid sedatives, avoid smoking, sleep on side, elevate head of the bed, intra-oral
devices, CPAP
What does a CPAP do? - ANS prevents airway collapse by using the continuous pressure to
keep bronchioles and alveoli slightly open
What are the surgical treatments for obstructive sleep apnea? - ANS T&A (peds), nasal surgery,
UPPP, oral appliance
, What does an oral appliance do to treat obstructive sleep apnea? - ANS moves the jaw forward
to reduce the narrowing of the airway that exists
What is asthma? - ANS chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of the airway that occurs from
inflammation and hyperresponsiveness
Is asthma reversible? - ANS Yes, if caught early enough but too much time causes scarring and
then it cannot be reversed
What assessment findings would you expect to see in a patient with asthma? - ANS chest
tightness, dyspnea, wheezing, cough, accessory muscle use, tachypnea
What are the triggers of asthma? - ANS idiopathic, exercise, infection, GERD, air pollution,
allergens, medications
What are the normal symptoms of asthma? - ANS short of breath, increased respiratory rate,
coughing, chest tightness, dyspnea, wheezing (esp on exhalation)
What are the alarm symptoms of asthma? - ANS use of accessory muscles, decreased breath
sounds, diaphoresis, cough that will not stop, silent chest
What is AERD? - ANS aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease
What are the clinical features of AERD? - ANS asthma, sinus disease, sensitivity to aspirin and
other NSAIDS
What are the symptoms of AERD? - ANS nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing,
laryngospasm, cough, wheeze, loss of sense of smell, chest tightness
What treatment is used for AERD? - ANS avoid all NSAIDs and alcohol; some may also need
daily inhaled corticosteroids
What are the treatment options for asthma? - ANS short acting beta agonist (SABA), long acting
beta agonist (LABA), inhaled corticosteroids, cromolyn, leukotriene receptor agonist (LRA)
What is the only medication to be used in an acute attack or emergent asthma episode? - ANS
albuterol
What is the goal of a spacer? - ANS make more medication reach the lungs
Which zone on an peak flow meter indicates a need for emergency care? - ANS Red
