NUR 242 Med/Surg Unit 5 - Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes s/s (3 P's) - ANS Onset usually younger than 30 years old, Abrupt onset, thirst,
hunger, increased urine output, weight loss
pancreatic beta-cell destruction
insulin dependent
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Polyuria
Type II Diabetes s/s - ANS Peak's in 50's, may occur earlier, frequently no symptoms
can present with thirst, fatigue, blurred vision, vascular or neural complications
dysfunctional pancreatic beta-cells
insulin needed for 20-30% of patients
Type II Diabetes - what people don't see - ANS blindness, blurred vision, boils, cataracts,
depression, ED, foot ulcers, frequent urination, glaucoma, intense fatigue, intense hunger,
itchiness, kidney disease, numbness, pain, sexual dysfunction, skin infections
Type II risk factors - ANS middled aged to older adults, prevalence higher in men -vs- women,
African Americans, American Indians, Mexican Americans, hypertension SBP >130 DBP >85,
obesity/greater than normal body mass index (BMI)
Blood test for diabetes - ANS Glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) - Normal value - 4- 6%
levels of 5.7 to 6.4% indicate poor diabetic control. Determines blood glucose compliance over
the previous 3 months
Hypoglycemia causes - ANS too little foos or skip a meal, too much insulin or diabetes pills
more active than usual
Hypoglycemia Symptoms - ANS Shaky, fast heartbeat, sweating, dizzy, anxious, hungry, blurred
vision, weakness or fatigue, headache, irritable
Hypoglycemia treatment - ANS check blood sugar, taking 30 to 4 glucose tablets or hard
candies you chew quickly such as peppermint or by drinking 4 ounces of fruit juice or 1/2 can of
regular soda
recheck blood sugar after 15 minutes. If still low, treat again
Hyperglycemia causes - ANS too much food, too little insulin or diabetes pills, illness or stress
Hyperglycemia symptoms - ANS Extreme thirst, need to urinate often, dry skin, hungry, blurred
vision, drowsy,
Type 1 Diabetes s/s (3 P's) - ANS Onset usually younger than 30 years old, Abrupt onset, thirst,
hunger, increased urine output, weight loss
pancreatic beta-cell destruction
insulin dependent
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Polyuria
Type II Diabetes s/s - ANS Peak's in 50's, may occur earlier, frequently no symptoms
can present with thirst, fatigue, blurred vision, vascular or neural complications
dysfunctional pancreatic beta-cells
insulin needed for 20-30% of patients
Type II Diabetes - what people don't see - ANS blindness, blurred vision, boils, cataracts,
depression, ED, foot ulcers, frequent urination, glaucoma, intense fatigue, intense hunger,
itchiness, kidney disease, numbness, pain, sexual dysfunction, skin infections
Type II risk factors - ANS middled aged to older adults, prevalence higher in men -vs- women,
African Americans, American Indians, Mexican Americans, hypertension SBP >130 DBP >85,
obesity/greater than normal body mass index (BMI)
Blood test for diabetes - ANS Glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) - Normal value - 4- 6%
levels of 5.7 to 6.4% indicate poor diabetic control. Determines blood glucose compliance over
the previous 3 months
Hypoglycemia causes - ANS too little foos or skip a meal, too much insulin or diabetes pills
more active than usual
Hypoglycemia Symptoms - ANS Shaky, fast heartbeat, sweating, dizzy, anxious, hungry, blurred
vision, weakness or fatigue, headache, irritable
Hypoglycemia treatment - ANS check blood sugar, taking 30 to 4 glucose tablets or hard
candies you chew quickly such as peppermint or by drinking 4 ounces of fruit juice or 1/2 can of
regular soda
recheck blood sugar after 15 minutes. If still low, treat again
Hyperglycemia causes - ANS too much food, too little insulin or diabetes pills, illness or stress
Hyperglycemia symptoms - ANS Extreme thirst, need to urinate often, dry skin, hungry, blurred
vision, drowsy,
