PENN FOSTER BIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM
2 ACTUAL FINAL LATEST UPDATE 2024-2025
WITH 200 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS |GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED SUCCESS | BRAND NEW
EXAM!!
What is an enzyme? - ANSWER-Catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical
reaction without undergoing any permanent chemical change
What is the process of photosynthesis? - ANSWER--The process in which the
Sun's energy is converted into chemical energy (occurs in chloroplasts).
-Carbon dioxide and water are added
-Sugar and oxygen are produced
What is cellular respiration? - ANSWER-Cellular respiration is the process that
releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
What is the cellular respiration equation? - ANSWER-6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 +
6H2O + Energy
What is glycolysis? - ANSWER-"splitting sugars." yields two molecules of ATP.
,What is Krebs cycle? - ANSWER-This term refers to a series of chemical reactions
that involve the complete oxidation of acetyl CoA and produce 2 mol of ATP
(energy) along with hydrogen and carbon, which combine with oxygen to form
(H2O) and (CO2).
What is the electron transport chain? - ANSWER-Is a sequence of electron carrier
molecules that shuttle electrons, down a series of reactions that release energy;
used to make ATP.
What is cellular reproduction? - ANSWER-Process by which cells divide to form
new cells
Growth phase- cell duplicates its contents and DNA
Cell Division- the cytoplasm and DNA of a parent cell are distributing to 2
daughter cells
How many chromosomes do humans have? - ANSWER-46 (23 pairs)
What is nondisjunction and when does it occur? - ANSWER-Nondisjunction
occurs when chromosomes do not separate properly during cell division. This can
form a gamete with an extra chromosome or one missing part or all of a
chromosome (aka monosomy or trisomy). OCCURS DURING ANAPHASE 1 & 2
What is the law of dominance? - ANSWER-Mendel's 2nd law of inheritance - one
gene usually expresses itself over the other (one gene is dominant over the other)
What is the law of segregation? - ANSWER-during the production of gametes the
two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor
from each parent
,What is the law of independent assortment? - ANSWER-Genes for different traits
are inherited independently of each other
Characteristics of living things - ANSWER-1. levels of organization
2. ability to acquire food for energy
3. maintain an internal environment
4. respond to stimuli
5. reproduce and develop
6. ability to adapt and evolve
7. contain cells
Levels of Biological Organization - ANSWER-atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ,
organ system, organism, species, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
How are organisms classified? - ANSWER-on the basis of their
evolutionary/genetic relatedness
What is the scientific method? What is it's importance in biological sciences? -
ANSWER-Process used to validate observations while minimizing observer bias
Its goal is for research to be conducted in a fair, unbiased and repeatable manner.
The best way to discover how and why the world works
What is matter? - ANSWER-Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is an atom? - ANSWER-smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical
properties of an element. They combine to form molecules which then form into a
solid, gas or liquid
, What is the structure of an atom? - ANSWER-Nucleus in the center that contains
protons (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge). The outermost region is
called an electron shell that contain the electrons (negatively charged)
What is an ionic bond? - ANSWER-A chemical bond that's formed when an atom
transfers and electron to another Atom
What is a covalent bond? - ANSWER-Results when 2 atoms share electrons in
order to have a completed outer shell
What is messenger RNA (mRNA)? - ANSWER-Carries information coding for
protein synthesis from DNA to the ribosomes of the cell
What is transfer RNA (tRNA)? - ANSWER-Caries the required amino acids from
the cytoplasm to the ribosome for protein synthesis. Helps to arrange the amino
acids into the proper sequence for the synthesis of proteins
What is ribosomal RNA (rRNA)? - ANSWER-RNA that becomes part of
ribosomes (the main component of ribosomes) and catalyzes the bonding of amino
acids
What is a prokaryotic cell and what is the structure? - ANSWER-No true nucleus
as the DNA is coiled up in the region of the cytoplasm called the nucleotide
Capsule: outer covering that protects the cell
Cell Wall: Outer covering that protects the bacterial cell and gives it shape
Cytoplasm: Gel-like substance composed of mainly of water
2 ACTUAL FINAL LATEST UPDATE 2024-2025
WITH 200 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS |GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED SUCCESS | BRAND NEW
EXAM!!
What is an enzyme? - ANSWER-Catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical
reaction without undergoing any permanent chemical change
What is the process of photosynthesis? - ANSWER--The process in which the
Sun's energy is converted into chemical energy (occurs in chloroplasts).
-Carbon dioxide and water are added
-Sugar and oxygen are produced
What is cellular respiration? - ANSWER-Cellular respiration is the process that
releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
What is the cellular respiration equation? - ANSWER-6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 +
6H2O + Energy
What is glycolysis? - ANSWER-"splitting sugars." yields two molecules of ATP.
,What is Krebs cycle? - ANSWER-This term refers to a series of chemical reactions
that involve the complete oxidation of acetyl CoA and produce 2 mol of ATP
(energy) along with hydrogen and carbon, which combine with oxygen to form
(H2O) and (CO2).
What is the electron transport chain? - ANSWER-Is a sequence of electron carrier
molecules that shuttle electrons, down a series of reactions that release energy;
used to make ATP.
What is cellular reproduction? - ANSWER-Process by which cells divide to form
new cells
Growth phase- cell duplicates its contents and DNA
Cell Division- the cytoplasm and DNA of a parent cell are distributing to 2
daughter cells
How many chromosomes do humans have? - ANSWER-46 (23 pairs)
What is nondisjunction and when does it occur? - ANSWER-Nondisjunction
occurs when chromosomes do not separate properly during cell division. This can
form a gamete with an extra chromosome or one missing part or all of a
chromosome (aka monosomy or trisomy). OCCURS DURING ANAPHASE 1 & 2
What is the law of dominance? - ANSWER-Mendel's 2nd law of inheritance - one
gene usually expresses itself over the other (one gene is dominant over the other)
What is the law of segregation? - ANSWER-during the production of gametes the
two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor
from each parent
,What is the law of independent assortment? - ANSWER-Genes for different traits
are inherited independently of each other
Characteristics of living things - ANSWER-1. levels of organization
2. ability to acquire food for energy
3. maintain an internal environment
4. respond to stimuli
5. reproduce and develop
6. ability to adapt and evolve
7. contain cells
Levels of Biological Organization - ANSWER-atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ,
organ system, organism, species, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
How are organisms classified? - ANSWER-on the basis of their
evolutionary/genetic relatedness
What is the scientific method? What is it's importance in biological sciences? -
ANSWER-Process used to validate observations while minimizing observer bias
Its goal is for research to be conducted in a fair, unbiased and repeatable manner.
The best way to discover how and why the world works
What is matter? - ANSWER-Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is an atom? - ANSWER-smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical
properties of an element. They combine to form molecules which then form into a
solid, gas or liquid
, What is the structure of an atom? - ANSWER-Nucleus in the center that contains
protons (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge). The outermost region is
called an electron shell that contain the electrons (negatively charged)
What is an ionic bond? - ANSWER-A chemical bond that's formed when an atom
transfers and electron to another Atom
What is a covalent bond? - ANSWER-Results when 2 atoms share electrons in
order to have a completed outer shell
What is messenger RNA (mRNA)? - ANSWER-Carries information coding for
protein synthesis from DNA to the ribosomes of the cell
What is transfer RNA (tRNA)? - ANSWER-Caries the required amino acids from
the cytoplasm to the ribosome for protein synthesis. Helps to arrange the amino
acids into the proper sequence for the synthesis of proteins
What is ribosomal RNA (rRNA)? - ANSWER-RNA that becomes part of
ribosomes (the main component of ribosomes) and catalyzes the bonding of amino
acids
What is a prokaryotic cell and what is the structure? - ANSWER-No true nucleus
as the DNA is coiled up in the region of the cytoplasm called the nucleotide
Capsule: outer covering that protects the cell
Cell Wall: Outer covering that protects the bacterial cell and gives it shape
Cytoplasm: Gel-like substance composed of mainly of water
