COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND MULTIMEDIA
SYLLABUS
UNIT-I
Output Primitives: Points and Lines – Line-Drawing algorithms – Loading frame Buffer – Line
function – Circle-Generating algorithms – Ellipse-generating algorithms.
Attributes of Output Primitives: Line Attributes – Curve attributes – Color and Grayscale
Levels – Area-fill attributes – Character Attributes.
UNIT-II
2D Geometric Transformations: Basic Transformations – Matrix Representations –
Composite Transformations – Other Transformations. 2D Viewing: The Viewing Pipeline –
Viewing Co-ordinate Reference Frame – Window-to-Viewport Co-ordinate Transformation - 2D
Viewing Functions – Clipping Operations.
UNIT-III
Text: Types of Text – Unicode Standard – Font – Insertion of Text – Text compression – File
formats. Image: Image Types – Seeing Color – Color Models – Basic Steps for Image Processing
– Scanner – Digital Camera – Interface Standards – Specification of Digital Images – CMS –
Device Independent Color Models – Image Processing software – File Formats – Image Output
on Monitor and Printer.
UNIT-IV
Audio: Introduction – Acoustics – Nature of Sound Waves – Fundamental Characteristics
of Sound – Microphone – Amplifier – Loudspeaker – Audio Mixer – Digital Audio –
Synthesizers – MIDI – Basics of Staff Notation – Sound Card – Audio Transmission – Audio File
formats and CODECs – Audio Recording Systems – Audio and Multimedia – Voice Recognition
and Response - Audio Processing Software.
UNIT-V
Video: Analog Video Camera – Transmission of Video Signals – Video Signal Formats –
Television Broadcasting Standards – PC Video – Video File Formats and CODECs – Video
Editing – Video Editing Software. Animation: Types of Animation – Computer Assisted
Animation – Creating Movement – Principles of Animation – Some Techniques of Animation –
Animation on the Web – Special Effects – Rendering Algorithms. Compression: MPEG-1 Audio
– MPEG-1 Video - MPEG-2Audio – MPEG-2 Video.
TEXT BOOKS
1. COMPUTER GRAPHICS –Donald Hearn, M.Pauline Baker, 2ndedition, PHI
2. PRINCIPLES OF MULTIMEDIA –Ranjan Parekh, 2007, TMH.
Rajeshkanna Assistant Professor, Dept.BCA, Dr.N.G.P. Arts & Science College,
Coimbatore.
,UNIT-I
QUESTIONS
SECTION A
1. The slope intercept line equation is given by .
2. Expand DDA.
3. is used for photo realistic images and for computer drawings.
4. is a faster method for calculating pixel position.
5. The efficient raster line algorithm was developed by .
6. The circle is a frequently used component in & .
7. The mid-point method, the circle function is given by .
8. The general equation of ellipse is stated as .
9. The eccentric circle of ellipse is called as .
10. For any circle point the distance relationship is expressed by .
SECTION B
1. Explain about different types of line attributes.
2. Describe the various area fill attributes.
3. Write a note on color and gray scale level.
4. Explain about points and lines.
5. Write short notes on DDA algorithm.
6. Explain about line equations.
7. Explain about properties of circles.
8. Explain about properties of ellipse.
9. Write short notes on line width.
10. Write a short note on styles of fill attributes.
SECTION C
1. With procedure explain the Bresenham’s line drawing algorithm.
2. Explain briefly about circle generating algorithm.
3. Briefly discuss the midpoint ellipse algorithm.
4. Describe about area fill attributes.
5. Explain briefly about DDA line drawing algorithm.
6. Discuss briefly the character attributes.
7. Explain the ellipse generating algorithm.
8. Discuss the midpoint circle algorithm in detail.
9. Explain briefly about properties of circle and ellipse generating algorithm.
10. Explain briefly about line attributes
Rajeshkanna Assistant Professor, Dept.BCA, Dr.N.G.P. Arts & Science College,
Coimbatore.
,UNIT-II
QUESTIONS
SECTION A
1. The translation distance pair ( tx , ty ) is called as .
2. transformation that moves objects without deformation.
3. Rotation point is also called as .
4. Unequal values of sx and sy results .
5. coordinate is used in mathematics to refer the effect of Cartesian equation.
6. coordinate is used in mathematics to refer the effect of Cartesian equation.
7. A two dimensional scene is selected for display is called a .
8. Windowing transformation is also called as .
9. Viewing window is also called as .
10. is the binary region code window based on clipping rectangle.
SECTION B
1. Describe the reflection transformation.
2. List the types of clipping and explain point clipping.
3. Explain the matrix representation of 2D viewing.
4. Explain the viewing coordinate reference frame.
5. Define linear transformation and define their properties.
6. Give the matrix representation of rotation and scaling.
7. Explain the concept of other transformation.
8. Write short notes on windowing transformation.
9. Explain text clipping briefly.
10. Explain about viewing transformation.
SECTION C
1. Explain briefly about composite transformation.
2. Discuss in detail about window to viewport transformation.
3. Explain in detail about various transformations.
4. Define clipping and describe the clipping operation in detail
5. Explain when Sutherland line clipping algorithm in detail.
6. Explain the 2D transformation in detail.
7. Explain briefly about two-dimensional rotation.
8. Discuss briefly about pivot point rotation and fixed point scaling.
9. Discuss briefly about shear transformation.
10. Explain about two dimensional viewing pipelines.
, UNIT-III
Text: Types of Text – Unicode Standard – Font – Insertion of Text – Text compression – File
formats. Image: Image Types – Seeing Color – Color Models – Basic Steps for Image Processing
– Scanner – Digital Camera – Interface Standards – Specification of Digital Images – CMS –
Device Independent Color Models – Image Processing software – File Formats – Image Output
on Monitor and Printer.
TEXT
Ever since the inception of human civilization ideas have been largely articulated using
the written mode. The flexibility and ease of use of the textual medium makes it ideal for
learning. Word processing programs emerged as one the earliest application programs. In
multimedia presentations, text can be combined with other media in a powerful way to present
information and express moods.Text can be of various types.
Plain Text
It consisting of fixed size characters having essentially the same type of appearance.
Formatted Text
Where appearance can be changed using font parameters.
Hyperlink
Which can serve to link different electronic documents and enable the user to jump from
one to the other in a non-linear way. Internally text is represented via binary codes as per the
ASCII table. The ASCII table is however quite limited in its scope and a new standard has been
developed to eventually replace the ASCII standard. This standard is called the Unicode
standard and is capable of representing international characters from various languages
throughout the world. Text can be inserted into an application using various means.
The simplest way is directly typing text into the application by using the keyboard;
alternatively text can be copied from another pre-existing file or application and pasted into the
application.
Nowadays we also generate text automatically from a scanned version of a paper
document or image using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.
TYPES OF TEXT
Essentially there are three types of text that can be used to produce pages of a document.
Unformatted text
Formatted text
Hypertext
Unformatted Text
Also known as plain text, this comprise of fixed sized characters from a limited character
set. The character set is called ASCII table which is short for American Standard Code for
Information Interchange and is one of the most widely used character sets.
SYLLABUS
UNIT-I
Output Primitives: Points and Lines – Line-Drawing algorithms – Loading frame Buffer – Line
function – Circle-Generating algorithms – Ellipse-generating algorithms.
Attributes of Output Primitives: Line Attributes – Curve attributes – Color and Grayscale
Levels – Area-fill attributes – Character Attributes.
UNIT-II
2D Geometric Transformations: Basic Transformations – Matrix Representations –
Composite Transformations – Other Transformations. 2D Viewing: The Viewing Pipeline –
Viewing Co-ordinate Reference Frame – Window-to-Viewport Co-ordinate Transformation - 2D
Viewing Functions – Clipping Operations.
UNIT-III
Text: Types of Text – Unicode Standard – Font – Insertion of Text – Text compression – File
formats. Image: Image Types – Seeing Color – Color Models – Basic Steps for Image Processing
– Scanner – Digital Camera – Interface Standards – Specification of Digital Images – CMS –
Device Independent Color Models – Image Processing software – File Formats – Image Output
on Monitor and Printer.
UNIT-IV
Audio: Introduction – Acoustics – Nature of Sound Waves – Fundamental Characteristics
of Sound – Microphone – Amplifier – Loudspeaker – Audio Mixer – Digital Audio –
Synthesizers – MIDI – Basics of Staff Notation – Sound Card – Audio Transmission – Audio File
formats and CODECs – Audio Recording Systems – Audio and Multimedia – Voice Recognition
and Response - Audio Processing Software.
UNIT-V
Video: Analog Video Camera – Transmission of Video Signals – Video Signal Formats –
Television Broadcasting Standards – PC Video – Video File Formats and CODECs – Video
Editing – Video Editing Software. Animation: Types of Animation – Computer Assisted
Animation – Creating Movement – Principles of Animation – Some Techniques of Animation –
Animation on the Web – Special Effects – Rendering Algorithms. Compression: MPEG-1 Audio
– MPEG-1 Video - MPEG-2Audio – MPEG-2 Video.
TEXT BOOKS
1. COMPUTER GRAPHICS –Donald Hearn, M.Pauline Baker, 2ndedition, PHI
2. PRINCIPLES OF MULTIMEDIA –Ranjan Parekh, 2007, TMH.
Rajeshkanna Assistant Professor, Dept.BCA, Dr.N.G.P. Arts & Science College,
Coimbatore.
,UNIT-I
QUESTIONS
SECTION A
1. The slope intercept line equation is given by .
2. Expand DDA.
3. is used for photo realistic images and for computer drawings.
4. is a faster method for calculating pixel position.
5. The efficient raster line algorithm was developed by .
6. The circle is a frequently used component in & .
7. The mid-point method, the circle function is given by .
8. The general equation of ellipse is stated as .
9. The eccentric circle of ellipse is called as .
10. For any circle point the distance relationship is expressed by .
SECTION B
1. Explain about different types of line attributes.
2. Describe the various area fill attributes.
3. Write a note on color and gray scale level.
4. Explain about points and lines.
5. Write short notes on DDA algorithm.
6. Explain about line equations.
7. Explain about properties of circles.
8. Explain about properties of ellipse.
9. Write short notes on line width.
10. Write a short note on styles of fill attributes.
SECTION C
1. With procedure explain the Bresenham’s line drawing algorithm.
2. Explain briefly about circle generating algorithm.
3. Briefly discuss the midpoint ellipse algorithm.
4. Describe about area fill attributes.
5. Explain briefly about DDA line drawing algorithm.
6. Discuss briefly the character attributes.
7. Explain the ellipse generating algorithm.
8. Discuss the midpoint circle algorithm in detail.
9. Explain briefly about properties of circle and ellipse generating algorithm.
10. Explain briefly about line attributes
Rajeshkanna Assistant Professor, Dept.BCA, Dr.N.G.P. Arts & Science College,
Coimbatore.
,UNIT-II
QUESTIONS
SECTION A
1. The translation distance pair ( tx , ty ) is called as .
2. transformation that moves objects without deformation.
3. Rotation point is also called as .
4. Unequal values of sx and sy results .
5. coordinate is used in mathematics to refer the effect of Cartesian equation.
6. coordinate is used in mathematics to refer the effect of Cartesian equation.
7. A two dimensional scene is selected for display is called a .
8. Windowing transformation is also called as .
9. Viewing window is also called as .
10. is the binary region code window based on clipping rectangle.
SECTION B
1. Describe the reflection transformation.
2. List the types of clipping and explain point clipping.
3. Explain the matrix representation of 2D viewing.
4. Explain the viewing coordinate reference frame.
5. Define linear transformation and define their properties.
6. Give the matrix representation of rotation and scaling.
7. Explain the concept of other transformation.
8. Write short notes on windowing transformation.
9. Explain text clipping briefly.
10. Explain about viewing transformation.
SECTION C
1. Explain briefly about composite transformation.
2. Discuss in detail about window to viewport transformation.
3. Explain in detail about various transformations.
4. Define clipping and describe the clipping operation in detail
5. Explain when Sutherland line clipping algorithm in detail.
6. Explain the 2D transformation in detail.
7. Explain briefly about two-dimensional rotation.
8. Discuss briefly about pivot point rotation and fixed point scaling.
9. Discuss briefly about shear transformation.
10. Explain about two dimensional viewing pipelines.
, UNIT-III
Text: Types of Text – Unicode Standard – Font – Insertion of Text – Text compression – File
formats. Image: Image Types – Seeing Color – Color Models – Basic Steps for Image Processing
– Scanner – Digital Camera – Interface Standards – Specification of Digital Images – CMS –
Device Independent Color Models – Image Processing software – File Formats – Image Output
on Monitor and Printer.
TEXT
Ever since the inception of human civilization ideas have been largely articulated using
the written mode. The flexibility and ease of use of the textual medium makes it ideal for
learning. Word processing programs emerged as one the earliest application programs. In
multimedia presentations, text can be combined with other media in a powerful way to present
information and express moods.Text can be of various types.
Plain Text
It consisting of fixed size characters having essentially the same type of appearance.
Formatted Text
Where appearance can be changed using font parameters.
Hyperlink
Which can serve to link different electronic documents and enable the user to jump from
one to the other in a non-linear way. Internally text is represented via binary codes as per the
ASCII table. The ASCII table is however quite limited in its scope and a new standard has been
developed to eventually replace the ASCII standard. This standard is called the Unicode
standard and is capable of representing international characters from various languages
throughout the world. Text can be inserted into an application using various means.
The simplest way is directly typing text into the application by using the keyboard;
alternatively text can be copied from another pre-existing file or application and pasted into the
application.
Nowadays we also generate text automatically from a scanned version of a paper
document or image using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.
TYPES OF TEXT
Essentially there are three types of text that can be used to produce pages of a document.
Unformatted text
Formatted text
Hypertext
Unformatted Text
Also known as plain text, this comprise of fixed sized characters from a limited character
set. The character set is called ASCII table which is short for American Standard Code for
Information Interchange and is one of the most widely used character sets.
