Voice Final PASSED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Maximum Phonation time - Correct Answer- Useful Measure of Vocal Function
Simple Test of Glottic Efficiency
The gap between vocal cords needs to be closed with the right amount of tension.
During voiced sounds the folds vibrate extremely rapid.
The ability to close efficiently and easily is referred as glottic efficiency
A person who is unable to adequately adduct vocal folds may experience poor vocal quality,
difficulty protecting voice and vocal fatigue as they have to increase the effort required for
phonation.
The reduced ability to adduct vocal folds and cycle through the rapid opening and closing of
the glottic gap is called GLOTTIC INSUFFICIENCY.
MPT measures GLOTTIC SUFFICIENCY
AERODYNAMIC MEASURE
It is the maximum time in seconds for which a person can sustain a vowel sound when
produced on one deep breath at a comfortable PITCH and LOUDNESS.
How to caluculate MPT - Correct Answer- Ask pt. to take a deep breath and to sustain the
vowel sound 'ah' for as long as possible at a comfortable pitch and loudness on one exhalation
without straining.
Using stopwatch calculate in seconds how long the client can sustain the vowel
Repeat 3 times
The MPT is the longest duration 'ah' of the three attempts.
MPT Norms - Correct Answer- With no laryngeal pathology, adult males can sustain vowel
sounds for between 25-35 seconds and adult females between 15-25.
In cases of laryngeal pathology, MPT is considerably reduced
If airflow is high, MPT is shorter than normal. If airflow is low, it may be longer than normal.
Males 20
Female 15
Child 10
,voice production - Correct Answer- Frontal and temporal lobes
voice feedback - Correct Answer- Parietal lobes provide sensory feedback information
Internal Capsule - Correct Answer- Bundle of fibers that pass between the thalamus and the
basal ganglia.
It is highly susceptible to CVAs because much of its blood supply is furnished by the
lenticular striata artery.
This artery is more susceptible to blockage during thrombosis more than other cerebral
arteries.
The blockage of blood causes white matter projections to die, resulting in contra-unilateral
symptoms of paralysis.
Any lesion to the internal capsule are classified as upper motor neuron lesions.
Vagus Nerve X - Correct Answer- innervates the larynx
Conditions Leading to Neurogenic Dysphonia - Correct Answer- vocal fold paralysis
laryngeal dystonia
essential tremor
Parkinson's Disease
Huntington's Disease
ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Progressive supranuclear palsy
multiple systems atrophy
TBI
CVA
, Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis Etiology - Correct Answer- Disease or trauma to the recurrent
laryngeal nerve on one side is the most common form of laryngeal paralysis
The etiology can be divided into 4 categories
compression or infiltration of the Vagus nerve
traumatic - surgical
traumatic - medical disease
idiopathic
description of unilateral VF paralysis - Correct Answer- There is glottic incompetence due to
inability of the affected true vocal fold to adduct and meet the opposing fold.
The paralyzed fold is fixed in the paramedian position ( neither fully adducted nor abbducted)
It remains in that position for inspiration and expiration ( including during phonation)
Symptoms of unilateral VF paralysis - Correct Answer- Significantly dysphonic or aphonic
Breathy vocal quality
Hoarse vocal quality
reduced phonation time
reduced loudness
monoloudness
pitch breaks
diplophonia
Neurogenic Voice Disorders characteristics - Correct Answer- Breathy vocal quality - reduced
loudness - short phonation time is attributed to air escape through open glottis during
phonation.
Hoarseness, pitch breaks, diplophonia is associated with reduced ability to adjust internal
tension of the paralyzed vocal fold.
Excessive supraglottal constriction may contribute to the hoarseness.
CORRECT Answers
Maximum Phonation time - Correct Answer- Useful Measure of Vocal Function
Simple Test of Glottic Efficiency
The gap between vocal cords needs to be closed with the right amount of tension.
During voiced sounds the folds vibrate extremely rapid.
The ability to close efficiently and easily is referred as glottic efficiency
A person who is unable to adequately adduct vocal folds may experience poor vocal quality,
difficulty protecting voice and vocal fatigue as they have to increase the effort required for
phonation.
The reduced ability to adduct vocal folds and cycle through the rapid opening and closing of
the glottic gap is called GLOTTIC INSUFFICIENCY.
MPT measures GLOTTIC SUFFICIENCY
AERODYNAMIC MEASURE
It is the maximum time in seconds for which a person can sustain a vowel sound when
produced on one deep breath at a comfortable PITCH and LOUDNESS.
How to caluculate MPT - Correct Answer- Ask pt. to take a deep breath and to sustain the
vowel sound 'ah' for as long as possible at a comfortable pitch and loudness on one exhalation
without straining.
Using stopwatch calculate in seconds how long the client can sustain the vowel
Repeat 3 times
The MPT is the longest duration 'ah' of the three attempts.
MPT Norms - Correct Answer- With no laryngeal pathology, adult males can sustain vowel
sounds for between 25-35 seconds and adult females between 15-25.
In cases of laryngeal pathology, MPT is considerably reduced
If airflow is high, MPT is shorter than normal. If airflow is low, it may be longer than normal.
Males 20
Female 15
Child 10
,voice production - Correct Answer- Frontal and temporal lobes
voice feedback - Correct Answer- Parietal lobes provide sensory feedback information
Internal Capsule - Correct Answer- Bundle of fibers that pass between the thalamus and the
basal ganglia.
It is highly susceptible to CVAs because much of its blood supply is furnished by the
lenticular striata artery.
This artery is more susceptible to blockage during thrombosis more than other cerebral
arteries.
The blockage of blood causes white matter projections to die, resulting in contra-unilateral
symptoms of paralysis.
Any lesion to the internal capsule are classified as upper motor neuron lesions.
Vagus Nerve X - Correct Answer- innervates the larynx
Conditions Leading to Neurogenic Dysphonia - Correct Answer- vocal fold paralysis
laryngeal dystonia
essential tremor
Parkinson's Disease
Huntington's Disease
ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Progressive supranuclear palsy
multiple systems atrophy
TBI
CVA
, Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis Etiology - Correct Answer- Disease or trauma to the recurrent
laryngeal nerve on one side is the most common form of laryngeal paralysis
The etiology can be divided into 4 categories
compression or infiltration of the Vagus nerve
traumatic - surgical
traumatic - medical disease
idiopathic
description of unilateral VF paralysis - Correct Answer- There is glottic incompetence due to
inability of the affected true vocal fold to adduct and meet the opposing fold.
The paralyzed fold is fixed in the paramedian position ( neither fully adducted nor abbducted)
It remains in that position for inspiration and expiration ( including during phonation)
Symptoms of unilateral VF paralysis - Correct Answer- Significantly dysphonic or aphonic
Breathy vocal quality
Hoarse vocal quality
reduced phonation time
reduced loudness
monoloudness
pitch breaks
diplophonia
Neurogenic Voice Disorders characteristics - Correct Answer- Breathy vocal quality - reduced
loudness - short phonation time is attributed to air escape through open glottis during
phonation.
Hoarseness, pitch breaks, diplophonia is associated with reduced ability to adjust internal
tension of the paralyzed vocal fold.
Excessive supraglottal constriction may contribute to the hoarseness.
