8 .
ACIDS AND BASES
Topic : theories of acids and bases
*
+
Arrhenius theory (additionall
(HA) acid >
-
H + A-
strong acids : HCI ,
H ,SOy
, MNOz
weak acids : CH SCOOM MCOOM H , PO , MNO2 , He SO3
, ,
son2-
i -CH · Of son-
+
MySOn >
-
2H +
H2SOn +CHc0
+ +
Ha >
-
H + 4- HP + H20 >
-
130
+
(1-
CHICOOM - CH,COO + Ht ! CHyCOON + H20 Hz0 * Ch,0
HSO5
↑
++ +
H, 503 - H H +
4505 - H
+
+ 50z2 hydrogen ion =
proton
bases >
-
Me + + OH
strong bases : hydroxides of gr 1 .
Lion , Naom kow
,
g r2 except Be(or)c , Mg (OH)c
weak bases : ammonia (NH3) , amines
N H
H
NHat + OH
- -
I
+ H -
OH =
H
,CHzNH2 + H-OH -
CHz-NHsT + OH
(2H3) #H ,
+ H-OH =
(CH3)cNHc* + OH M
+ +
(CH3)sN + H20 = (CH3), NM OH
Bronsted-Lowry theory
lostH+
B-I base B-L acid
&
NHz + H, 0 -
> NHat + on
7
Het
gained
·
an acid is a proton (nt) donor
·
a base is a proton (Mt) acceptor
gained Ht
B-L acid B-1 base
Hg0t +C-
S
MC + 20 -
lost H +
Son B-Lacid
Q5 .
1982 + H20
+
H30t
MCO3 + HSOn -
> HeCOg + Son"-B-L base
CHICOOH +
HeSOy -CHyCOOH2 +HSOY B- base
, Conjugate acid-base pair -
differ by only one let
BASE ACID
NHz NHyt
-
On H20
-
C HCI
H2O Hz8t
HSOn H2SO4
CN- HEN
HPOn- H2POn
2-
CO3 HCGz-
4000- HCOOH
NHe- NH3
Amphiprotic species -
can behave as an acid
or a base in B-1 theory
OH
-
&
Ht
-
H20 + Hz0t
+H
acts as an acts as a
acid base
C-
HPOn <
-
H2POn' - >
HyPOu
"
20, M28 -
>
He (03
ACIDS AND BASES
Topic : theories of acids and bases
*
+
Arrhenius theory (additionall
(HA) acid >
-
H + A-
strong acids : HCI ,
H ,SOy
, MNOz
weak acids : CH SCOOM MCOOM H , PO , MNO2 , He SO3
, ,
son2-
i -CH · Of son-
+
MySOn >
-
2H +
H2SOn +CHc0
+ +
Ha >
-
H + 4- HP + H20 >
-
130
+
(1-
CHICOOM - CH,COO + Ht ! CHyCOON + H20 Hz0 * Ch,0
HSO5
↑
++ +
H, 503 - H H +
4505 - H
+
+ 50z2 hydrogen ion =
proton
bases >
-
Me + + OH
strong bases : hydroxides of gr 1 .
Lion , Naom kow
,
g r2 except Be(or)c , Mg (OH)c
weak bases : ammonia (NH3) , amines
N H
H
NHat + OH
- -
I
+ H -
OH =
H
,CHzNH2 + H-OH -
CHz-NHsT + OH
(2H3) #H ,
+ H-OH =
(CH3)cNHc* + OH M
+ +
(CH3)sN + H20 = (CH3), NM OH
Bronsted-Lowry theory
lostH+
B-I base B-L acid
&
NHz + H, 0 -
> NHat + on
7
Het
gained
·
an acid is a proton (nt) donor
·
a base is a proton (Mt) acceptor
gained Ht
B-L acid B-1 base
Hg0t +C-
S
MC + 20 -
lost H +
Son B-Lacid
Q5 .
1982 + H20
+
H30t
MCO3 + HSOn -
> HeCOg + Son"-B-L base
CHICOOH +
HeSOy -CHyCOOH2 +HSOY B- base
, Conjugate acid-base pair -
differ by only one let
BASE ACID
NHz NHyt
-
On H20
-
C HCI
H2O Hz8t
HSOn H2SO4
CN- HEN
HPOn- H2POn
2-
CO3 HCGz-
4000- HCOOH
NHe- NH3
Amphiprotic species -
can behave as an acid
or a base in B-1 theory
OH
-
&
Ht
-
H20 + Hz0t
+H
acts as an acts as a
acid base
C-
HPOn <
-
H2POn' - >
HyPOu
"
20, M28 -
>
He (03
