6 CHEMICAL .
KINETICS
Topic : the rate of reaction
The rate of reaction is the speed at which reactants are
used up or products are formed
overall rate reaction rate change
= - -
...
· -period of time
Methods for measuring
·
volume of gas produced
CaCO3(s) IHC(aq)+ - >
Calle
(aq)
+
(O2(g) +
He0()
In(s) H2SOn(aq) ZuSOn(ag) H2(g)
+ >
- +
Experiment :
gradient of
tangent =
initial rate
of
# average
-
rate
·
change in mass- CO2 , Oc . Nolight
·
Change in colour LNOg)-NcOulg
brown colourless
change
+
·
in ph (n ] [or]
+
R >
-
P + [H]
, ·
electrical conductivity
ions -> no ions
Topic collision theory
:
Collision theory
-
molecules/atoms must collide
-
they must collide with sufficient energy to bring the
reaction -
Eact (activation energy -
the minimum energy
needed for reaction to occur
transition
a
state
+
>
-
(G] transition state
↓
enthalpy o C
T The highest point along the curve is
time called the transition state (activated complex)
and all atoms are joined together by
partial bonds
. As A-B bond forms the potential energy falls
,
-
must collide with proper geometry 44n-H
-
Factors affecting rate of reaction
-
temperature -
when T increases >
-
the kinetic
energy
increases >
-
more frequent collisions >
-
collisions with
higher energy
>
-
faster rate
KINETICS
Topic : the rate of reaction
The rate of reaction is the speed at which reactants are
used up or products are formed
overall rate reaction rate change
= - -
...
· -period of time
Methods for measuring
·
volume of gas produced
CaCO3(s) IHC(aq)+ - >
Calle
(aq)
+
(O2(g) +
He0()
In(s) H2SOn(aq) ZuSOn(ag) H2(g)
+ >
- +
Experiment :
gradient of
tangent =
initial rate
of
# average
-
rate
·
change in mass- CO2 , Oc . Nolight
·
Change in colour LNOg)-NcOulg
brown colourless
change
+
·
in ph (n ] [or]
+
R >
-
P + [H]
, ·
electrical conductivity
ions -> no ions
Topic collision theory
:
Collision theory
-
molecules/atoms must collide
-
they must collide with sufficient energy to bring the
reaction -
Eact (activation energy -
the minimum energy
needed for reaction to occur
transition
a
state
+
>
-
(G] transition state
↓
enthalpy o C
T The highest point along the curve is
time called the transition state (activated complex)
and all atoms are joined together by
partial bonds
. As A-B bond forms the potential energy falls
,
-
must collide with proper geometry 44n-H
-
Factors affecting rate of reaction
-
temperature -
when T increases >
-
the kinetic
energy
increases >
-
more frequent collisions >
-
collisions with
higher energy
>
-
faster rate
