PHCY 502_ Week 13_ Liver And
Renal Induced Disease Exam
Study Guide
Afferent - Answer the vessel supplying the glomerulus of the nephron with blood
Efferent - Answer the blood vessel leaving the glomerulus of the nephron, which
transports filtered blood back into circulation
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Answer a sudden failure of the kidney to filter blood, denoted
by a rapid increase in serum creatinine.
Autoregulation - Answer the process by which a body system adapts to certain stimuli
(ex. Activation of RAAS in response to low perfusion of the kidneys, such as due to low
blood pressure)
Nephrolithiasis - Answer kidney stones
Natriuresis - Answer excretion of sodium in the urine
Anuria - Answer failure to produce urine
Oliguria - Answer the production of abnormally small amounts of urine
Non-oliguria - Answer a term used to describe a kidney injury that does not result in an
abnormally low production of urine
Asterixis - Answer "hand-flapping" which is an indicator of liver failure
Bilirubin - Answer a substance formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin, which is
excreted in bile
Cirrhosis - Answer a disease of the liver marked by hepatocellular damage,
inflammation causing cholestasis, and fibrosis of tissue
Conjugated Bilirubin - Answer bilirubin that has been processed (conjugated) by the
liver. Also called "direct" bilirubin
Conjugation - Answer the process by which the liver processes bilirubin (involves
disruption of hydrogen bonds)
Hepatocytes - Answer liver cells
Unconjugated bilirubin - Answer bilirubin that has yet to be processed (conjugated) by
Renal Induced Disease Exam
Study Guide
Afferent - Answer the vessel supplying the glomerulus of the nephron with blood
Efferent - Answer the blood vessel leaving the glomerulus of the nephron, which
transports filtered blood back into circulation
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Answer a sudden failure of the kidney to filter blood, denoted
by a rapid increase in serum creatinine.
Autoregulation - Answer the process by which a body system adapts to certain stimuli
(ex. Activation of RAAS in response to low perfusion of the kidneys, such as due to low
blood pressure)
Nephrolithiasis - Answer kidney stones
Natriuresis - Answer excretion of sodium in the urine
Anuria - Answer failure to produce urine
Oliguria - Answer the production of abnormally small amounts of urine
Non-oliguria - Answer a term used to describe a kidney injury that does not result in an
abnormally low production of urine
Asterixis - Answer "hand-flapping" which is an indicator of liver failure
Bilirubin - Answer a substance formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin, which is
excreted in bile
Cirrhosis - Answer a disease of the liver marked by hepatocellular damage,
inflammation causing cholestasis, and fibrosis of tissue
Conjugated Bilirubin - Answer bilirubin that has been processed (conjugated) by the
liver. Also called "direct" bilirubin
Conjugation - Answer the process by which the liver processes bilirubin (involves
disruption of hydrogen bonds)
Hepatocytes - Answer liver cells
Unconjugated bilirubin - Answer bilirubin that has yet to be processed (conjugated) by
