TEST BANK and SOLUTION MANUAL for American
Government: Political Development and Institutional
Change 12th Edition by Cal Jillson
Globalization - ANSWER: The increased interconnectedness of people, states, and
economies.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) - ANSWER: Investment from abroad in economic
activity in another country.
Trade - ANSWER: The flow of goods and services across national borders
International capital flow - ANSWER: Movement of money across international
borders
Multinational corporation (MNC) - ANSWER: A company with facilities or assets in
more than one country
Rentier State - ANSWER: A state that relies on the export of oil from the leasing of
resources to foreign entities as a significant source of government revenue
International organization - ANSWER: A body established by a treaty or other
agreement among countries.
Import substitution industrialization (ISI) - ANSWER: Enacting high tariffs and
providing incentives to encourage the growth of domestic manufacturing
Economic liberalization policy - ANSWER: Policy that reduces the role of government
in the economy supports the free market and reduces trade barriers.
Structural adjustment program (SAP) - ANSWER: Requirements for receiving
assistance from international lenders (such as the IMF) include the privatization of
state-owned companies, reducing tariffs, and reducing subsidies for domestic
industries.
Supranational organization - ANSWER: A body in which member countries have
some say in governing and give up some sovereignty over issues affecting the
organization as a whole.
Nongovernmental organization (NGO) - ANSWER: A nonprofit group outside
government control that usually focuses on social or political issues.
Neoliberalism - ANSWER: An economic ideology favoring policies the support the
free market and reduce trade barriers.
, Protectionist economic policy - ANSWER: A policy designed to shelter domestic
industry from competition and reduce foreign influence on sectors of the economy.
austerity measures - ANSWER: Cuts to social services, which might include programs
to help women, children, and the poor, and the elderly, in an effort to reduce
government debt.
Human capital - ANSWER: The education, skills training, and other positive attributes
and that people bring to the economy.
Rentier states - ANSWER: A state that relies on the export of oil or from the leasing
of resources to foreign entities as a significant source of government revenue.
Resource curse - ANSWER: A problem faced by countries that have a valuable and
abundant natural resources that limits diversification of the economy, make
government revenue dependent on the world market, increases opportunities for
corruption, and lessens the government's responsiveness to citizens.
patron-clientelism - ANSWER: When those in power offer benefits to citizens in
exchange for political support.
Nationalized industry - ANSWER: A state-owned company controlled by the
government
Privatization - ANSWER: When a government transfers ownership and control of a
nationalized industry to the private sector.
Welfare state - ANSWER: Government programs to benefit the health and well-being
of citizens.
regulated market economy - ANSWER: An economy in which wages, prices, and
production are mostly set by supply and demand, with some regulation and mostly
private control of business and natural resources.
National Health Service (NHS) - ANSWER: The government-financed and managed
health-care system in the United Kingdom.
Capitalism - ANSWER: A system of production based on private property and free
markets
central bank - ANSWER: The state institution that controls how much money is
flowing through the economy, as well as how much it costs to borrow money in that
economy
Gini Index - ANSWER: A statistical formula that measures the amount of inequality in
a society; its scale ranges from 0 to 100, where 0 corresponds to perfect equality and
100 to perfect inequality
Government: Political Development and Institutional
Change 12th Edition by Cal Jillson
Globalization - ANSWER: The increased interconnectedness of people, states, and
economies.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) - ANSWER: Investment from abroad in economic
activity in another country.
Trade - ANSWER: The flow of goods and services across national borders
International capital flow - ANSWER: Movement of money across international
borders
Multinational corporation (MNC) - ANSWER: A company with facilities or assets in
more than one country
Rentier State - ANSWER: A state that relies on the export of oil from the leasing of
resources to foreign entities as a significant source of government revenue
International organization - ANSWER: A body established by a treaty or other
agreement among countries.
Import substitution industrialization (ISI) - ANSWER: Enacting high tariffs and
providing incentives to encourage the growth of domestic manufacturing
Economic liberalization policy - ANSWER: Policy that reduces the role of government
in the economy supports the free market and reduces trade barriers.
Structural adjustment program (SAP) - ANSWER: Requirements for receiving
assistance from international lenders (such as the IMF) include the privatization of
state-owned companies, reducing tariffs, and reducing subsidies for domestic
industries.
Supranational organization - ANSWER: A body in which member countries have
some say in governing and give up some sovereignty over issues affecting the
organization as a whole.
Nongovernmental organization (NGO) - ANSWER: A nonprofit group outside
government control that usually focuses on social or political issues.
Neoliberalism - ANSWER: An economic ideology favoring policies the support the
free market and reduce trade barriers.
, Protectionist economic policy - ANSWER: A policy designed to shelter domestic
industry from competition and reduce foreign influence on sectors of the economy.
austerity measures - ANSWER: Cuts to social services, which might include programs
to help women, children, and the poor, and the elderly, in an effort to reduce
government debt.
Human capital - ANSWER: The education, skills training, and other positive attributes
and that people bring to the economy.
Rentier states - ANSWER: A state that relies on the export of oil or from the leasing
of resources to foreign entities as a significant source of government revenue.
Resource curse - ANSWER: A problem faced by countries that have a valuable and
abundant natural resources that limits diversification of the economy, make
government revenue dependent on the world market, increases opportunities for
corruption, and lessens the government's responsiveness to citizens.
patron-clientelism - ANSWER: When those in power offer benefits to citizens in
exchange for political support.
Nationalized industry - ANSWER: A state-owned company controlled by the
government
Privatization - ANSWER: When a government transfers ownership and control of a
nationalized industry to the private sector.
Welfare state - ANSWER: Government programs to benefit the health and well-being
of citizens.
regulated market economy - ANSWER: An economy in which wages, prices, and
production are mostly set by supply and demand, with some regulation and mostly
private control of business and natural resources.
National Health Service (NHS) - ANSWER: The government-financed and managed
health-care system in the United Kingdom.
Capitalism - ANSWER: A system of production based on private property and free
markets
central bank - ANSWER: The state institution that controls how much money is
flowing through the economy, as well as how much it costs to borrow money in that
economy
Gini Index - ANSWER: A statistical formula that measures the amount of inequality in
a society; its scale ranges from 0 to 100, where 0 corresponds to perfect equality and
100 to perfect inequality
