TEST BANK and SOLUTION MANUAL for American
Government: Political Development and Institutional
Change 12th Edition by Cal Jillson
problems of modernization - ANSWER: if modernization occurs too quickly, society
can experience "future shock" or alienation which leads to certain symptoms among
the people
symptoms caused by future shock or alienation - ANSWER: cognitive dissonance,
increase in suicide, increase in drug or alcohol use, increase in violence
cognitive dissonance - ANSWER: people now asked to adapt to new ways of thinking
- can't hold two contradictory beliefs at the same time, so they either accept the new
belief or refuse to change.
people asked to change their way of thought - ANSWER: makes people unsure,
confused and frightened
increase in suicide - ANSWER: anomic suicide according to Emil Durkheim - with
rapidly changing societal roles, people no longer know what role they should play,
they don't know how to react so they feel alienated from society like they don't fit in
increase in drug or alcohol use - ANSWER: to escape the confusion of modern life
increase in violence and civil unrest - ANSWER: phenomena of relative deprivation -
life is getting better, but not fast enough - violence breaks out among people who
are frustrated at slow rate of change, or at least slow rate of political change, people
are liable to rebel against government
country that is most likely to undergo a violent revolution - ANSWER: is not one
where the people are continuously repressed, but a country where life is getting
better but not fast enough
example of a county which modernized too quickly - ANSWER: Iran under the Shah
experienced a religious fundamentalist backlash/revolution in 1979
3 dimensions associated with development - ANSWER: organization dimension,
technological dimension, attitudinal dimension
organization dimension - ANSWER: specialization, interdependency and
differentiation of roles and functions in groups, organizations and societies
example of organization dimension - ANSWER: "developed" societies have separate
branches of government - legislative, executive, judiciary
,technological dimension - ANSWER: technological advances are used to exploit the
environment and to produce goods and services
example of technological dimension - ANSWER: machines, factories, computers are
developed to help run society
attitudinal dimension - ANSWER: people act like modern man - they are rational and
knowledgeable and feel that they control their life
main characteristics of a modern political society - ANSWER: government institutions
will allow participation to take place, establishes elections and other means of
allowing the masses an opportunity to influence government, loyalty is to nation
rather than to ethnic group
organizational characteristics of a modern society - ANSWER: concentration of power
in the central state, modern forms of political organization, modern forms of political
behavior, expanded capabilities of political system
modern forms of political organization - ANSWER: interest groups, parties, etc
modern forms of political behavior - ANSWER: individuals vote and identify with the
nation
expanded capabilities of political system - ANSWER: government can perform
following functions: extractive, regulative, responsive, distributive, symbolic
extractive - ANSWER: utilizing human and material resources in environment
regulative - ANSWER: controlling individual and group actions
responsive - ANSWER: making decisions and policies that react to demands for value
allocations
distributive - ANSWER: allocating values through institutionalized structures and
procedures
symbolic - ANSWER: manipulating images and meanings, distributing nonmaterial
rewards and values
people can form and hold opinions because they are more educated - ANSWER:
human attitudinal characteristics of modern society
people have an openness to change (embrace new technology, inventions, don't
view them as inventions of the devil, generally the younger you are the easier it is for
you to change and adapt to new technology, innovations and ideas) - ANSWER:
human attitudinal characteristics of modern society
, people have feelings of efficacy and optimism - ANSWER: human attitudinal
characteristics of modern society
belief that you are in control of your own life and that you can make your life good. a
person is not a victim of good or bad luck - ANSWER: human attitudinal
characteristics of modern society
people have empathy for others, trusting of strangers - ANSWER: human attitudinal
characteristics of modern society
people are more likely to take risks because they better understand the possible
outcomes - ANSWER: human attitudinal characteristics of modern society
people are much more concerned with specific time - hour by hour rather than night,
day, harvest planting season, etc - ANSWER: human attitudinal characteristics of
modern society
scheduling is now very important to people - most people live life according to a
specific schedule - ANSWER: human attitudinal characteristics of modern society
people are problem solvers - if there is a problem, apply science, technology and
logic to solve the problem - ANSWER: human attitudinal characteristics of modern
society
people work for rewards - people who work hard and are good citizens should be
rewarded. you must earn your wealth. social mobility viewed to be good - ANSWER:
human attitudinal characteristics of modern society
universalism (human attitudinal characteristics of modern society) - ANSWER: belief
that one's ultimate loyalty should be directed toward the nation rather than to one
narrow group - strong sense of nationalism
people are interested in the news, local and international - ANSWER: human
attitudinal characteristics of modern society
parochial political culture - ANSWER: people have little support for and even
sometimes little awareness of central government
people have a low sense of political efficacy (parochial) - ANSWER: most people feel
that they can't change government or their life - the government is distant from
them so they feel they have no influence over it
society as a whole is decentralized and people tend to identify with their local group
rather than with the national government - ANSWER: parochial political culture
Government: Political Development and Institutional
Change 12th Edition by Cal Jillson
problems of modernization - ANSWER: if modernization occurs too quickly, society
can experience "future shock" or alienation which leads to certain symptoms among
the people
symptoms caused by future shock or alienation - ANSWER: cognitive dissonance,
increase in suicide, increase in drug or alcohol use, increase in violence
cognitive dissonance - ANSWER: people now asked to adapt to new ways of thinking
- can't hold two contradictory beliefs at the same time, so they either accept the new
belief or refuse to change.
people asked to change their way of thought - ANSWER: makes people unsure,
confused and frightened
increase in suicide - ANSWER: anomic suicide according to Emil Durkheim - with
rapidly changing societal roles, people no longer know what role they should play,
they don't know how to react so they feel alienated from society like they don't fit in
increase in drug or alcohol use - ANSWER: to escape the confusion of modern life
increase in violence and civil unrest - ANSWER: phenomena of relative deprivation -
life is getting better, but not fast enough - violence breaks out among people who
are frustrated at slow rate of change, or at least slow rate of political change, people
are liable to rebel against government
country that is most likely to undergo a violent revolution - ANSWER: is not one
where the people are continuously repressed, but a country where life is getting
better but not fast enough
example of a county which modernized too quickly - ANSWER: Iran under the Shah
experienced a religious fundamentalist backlash/revolution in 1979
3 dimensions associated with development - ANSWER: organization dimension,
technological dimension, attitudinal dimension
organization dimension - ANSWER: specialization, interdependency and
differentiation of roles and functions in groups, organizations and societies
example of organization dimension - ANSWER: "developed" societies have separate
branches of government - legislative, executive, judiciary
,technological dimension - ANSWER: technological advances are used to exploit the
environment and to produce goods and services
example of technological dimension - ANSWER: machines, factories, computers are
developed to help run society
attitudinal dimension - ANSWER: people act like modern man - they are rational and
knowledgeable and feel that they control their life
main characteristics of a modern political society - ANSWER: government institutions
will allow participation to take place, establishes elections and other means of
allowing the masses an opportunity to influence government, loyalty is to nation
rather than to ethnic group
organizational characteristics of a modern society - ANSWER: concentration of power
in the central state, modern forms of political organization, modern forms of political
behavior, expanded capabilities of political system
modern forms of political organization - ANSWER: interest groups, parties, etc
modern forms of political behavior - ANSWER: individuals vote and identify with the
nation
expanded capabilities of political system - ANSWER: government can perform
following functions: extractive, regulative, responsive, distributive, symbolic
extractive - ANSWER: utilizing human and material resources in environment
regulative - ANSWER: controlling individual and group actions
responsive - ANSWER: making decisions and policies that react to demands for value
allocations
distributive - ANSWER: allocating values through institutionalized structures and
procedures
symbolic - ANSWER: manipulating images and meanings, distributing nonmaterial
rewards and values
people can form and hold opinions because they are more educated - ANSWER:
human attitudinal characteristics of modern society
people have an openness to change (embrace new technology, inventions, don't
view them as inventions of the devil, generally the younger you are the easier it is for
you to change and adapt to new technology, innovations and ideas) - ANSWER:
human attitudinal characteristics of modern society
, people have feelings of efficacy and optimism - ANSWER: human attitudinal
characteristics of modern society
belief that you are in control of your own life and that you can make your life good. a
person is not a victim of good or bad luck - ANSWER: human attitudinal
characteristics of modern society
people have empathy for others, trusting of strangers - ANSWER: human attitudinal
characteristics of modern society
people are more likely to take risks because they better understand the possible
outcomes - ANSWER: human attitudinal characteristics of modern society
people are much more concerned with specific time - hour by hour rather than night,
day, harvest planting season, etc - ANSWER: human attitudinal characteristics of
modern society
scheduling is now very important to people - most people live life according to a
specific schedule - ANSWER: human attitudinal characteristics of modern society
people are problem solvers - if there is a problem, apply science, technology and
logic to solve the problem - ANSWER: human attitudinal characteristics of modern
society
people work for rewards - people who work hard and are good citizens should be
rewarded. you must earn your wealth. social mobility viewed to be good - ANSWER:
human attitudinal characteristics of modern society
universalism (human attitudinal characteristics of modern society) - ANSWER: belief
that one's ultimate loyalty should be directed toward the nation rather than to one
narrow group - strong sense of nationalism
people are interested in the news, local and international - ANSWER: human
attitudinal characteristics of modern society
parochial political culture - ANSWER: people have little support for and even
sometimes little awareness of central government
people have a low sense of political efficacy (parochial) - ANSWER: most people feel
that they can't change government or their life - the government is distant from
them so they feel they have no influence over it
society as a whole is decentralized and people tend to identify with their local group
rather than with the national government - ANSWER: parochial political culture
