TEST BANK For American Government: Political Development
and Institutional Change 12th Edition by Cal Jillson, Verified
Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
Declaratory Act - ANSWER: Act passed by Parliament declaring Parliament had the
right to pass laws binding on the colonies in America
Federalism - ANSWER: A form of govt in which some powers are assigned to the
national govt, some to lower levels of govt, and same, such as powers to tax, are
exercised concurrently
Virginia Plan - ANSWER: Outline of a strong national govt, written by James Madison
and supported by large states that supported early discussion of the Constitutional
Convention
New Jersey Plan - ANSWER: Plan to add limited # of new powers to the Articles,
supported by small states, introduced as an alternative to the Virginia Plan
Paul v Virginia - ANSWER: This decision declared that the privileges and immunities
clause of the U.S. Constitution guarantees citizens visiting, working, or conducting
business in another state the same freedoms and legal protections that would be
afforded to citizens of that state
extradition - ANSWER: provides that people accused of a crime in one state fleeing
into another state shall be returned to the state in which the crime was committed
(Article 4, sec 2)
dual federalism - ANSWER: "layer-cake federalism" little policy overlap between fed
and state gvts
Marbury v Madison - ANSWER: Chief Justice Marshall derived power of JUDICIAL
REVIEW
McCulloch v Maryland - ANSWER: reading of "necessary and proper clause"; held
that enumerated powers imply unspecified but appropriate powers to carry them
out
Gibbons v Ogden - ANSWER: reading of commerce clause; allows Congress to
regulate commercial activity
Dred Scott v Sandford - ANSWER: African Americans, free or slave, were considered
property
, cooperative federalism - ANSWER: "marble-cake federalism" fed and state share
responsibilities for govt
categorical grant - ANSWER: only narrow spending- main source of federal aid to
state and local government, can be used only for specific purposes and for helping
education or categories of state and local spending.
creative federalism - ANSWER: 1960s view of federalism that refers to LBJ's
willingness to expand federal programs to support state and local activities
block grants - ANSWER: federal funds made available to states and communities in
which they have discretion over how the $ is spent
benchmark poll - ANSWER: a poll conducted early in a campaign (before campaign)
to gauge the name recognition, public image, and electoral prospects of a candidate
preference poll - ANSWER: a poll that offers respondents a list of candidates for a
particular office and asks which is preferred
opinion survey - ANSWER: poll or survey used by political campaigns, the media, etc
to gauge opinions on particular issues or questions
tracking poll - ANSWER: frequent polling using overlapping samples to provide daily
update of the status of a race (average sample after few days; 100 people per day)
exit poll - ANSWER: poll taken after voters have cast their ballots to get an early
sense of who won and why
push poll - ANSWER: not a real poll; designed to influence voters with negative (often
false) information
libertarian - ANSWER: for expansion of personal freedoms; against gov interaction in
economic affairs
populist - ANSWER: against expansion of personal freedoms; for gov intervention in
economic affairs
seditious libel - ANSWER: public criticism of govt officials or policies is illegal
muckraking tradition - ANSWER: journalism of the late 19th century that was
dedicated to uncovering political and corporate corruption
inverted pyramid model - ANSWER: newspaper stories should put the most
important facts first followed by the least
Communication Act of 1934 - ANSWER: Established FCC (Federal Communications
Commission) responsible for regulating media
and Institutional Change 12th Edition by Cal Jillson, Verified
Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
Declaratory Act - ANSWER: Act passed by Parliament declaring Parliament had the
right to pass laws binding on the colonies in America
Federalism - ANSWER: A form of govt in which some powers are assigned to the
national govt, some to lower levels of govt, and same, such as powers to tax, are
exercised concurrently
Virginia Plan - ANSWER: Outline of a strong national govt, written by James Madison
and supported by large states that supported early discussion of the Constitutional
Convention
New Jersey Plan - ANSWER: Plan to add limited # of new powers to the Articles,
supported by small states, introduced as an alternative to the Virginia Plan
Paul v Virginia - ANSWER: This decision declared that the privileges and immunities
clause of the U.S. Constitution guarantees citizens visiting, working, or conducting
business in another state the same freedoms and legal protections that would be
afforded to citizens of that state
extradition - ANSWER: provides that people accused of a crime in one state fleeing
into another state shall be returned to the state in which the crime was committed
(Article 4, sec 2)
dual federalism - ANSWER: "layer-cake federalism" little policy overlap between fed
and state gvts
Marbury v Madison - ANSWER: Chief Justice Marshall derived power of JUDICIAL
REVIEW
McCulloch v Maryland - ANSWER: reading of "necessary and proper clause"; held
that enumerated powers imply unspecified but appropriate powers to carry them
out
Gibbons v Ogden - ANSWER: reading of commerce clause; allows Congress to
regulate commercial activity
Dred Scott v Sandford - ANSWER: African Americans, free or slave, were considered
property
, cooperative federalism - ANSWER: "marble-cake federalism" fed and state share
responsibilities for govt
categorical grant - ANSWER: only narrow spending- main source of federal aid to
state and local government, can be used only for specific purposes and for helping
education or categories of state and local spending.
creative federalism - ANSWER: 1960s view of federalism that refers to LBJ's
willingness to expand federal programs to support state and local activities
block grants - ANSWER: federal funds made available to states and communities in
which they have discretion over how the $ is spent
benchmark poll - ANSWER: a poll conducted early in a campaign (before campaign)
to gauge the name recognition, public image, and electoral prospects of a candidate
preference poll - ANSWER: a poll that offers respondents a list of candidates for a
particular office and asks which is preferred
opinion survey - ANSWER: poll or survey used by political campaigns, the media, etc
to gauge opinions on particular issues or questions
tracking poll - ANSWER: frequent polling using overlapping samples to provide daily
update of the status of a race (average sample after few days; 100 people per day)
exit poll - ANSWER: poll taken after voters have cast their ballots to get an early
sense of who won and why
push poll - ANSWER: not a real poll; designed to influence voters with negative (often
false) information
libertarian - ANSWER: for expansion of personal freedoms; against gov interaction in
economic affairs
populist - ANSWER: against expansion of personal freedoms; for gov intervention in
economic affairs
seditious libel - ANSWER: public criticism of govt officials or policies is illegal
muckraking tradition - ANSWER: journalism of the late 19th century that was
dedicated to uncovering political and corporate corruption
inverted pyramid model - ANSWER: newspaper stories should put the most
important facts first followed by the least
Communication Act of 1934 - ANSWER: Established FCC (Federal Communications
Commission) responsible for regulating media
