TEST BANK For Understanding Psychology, 15th Edition By
Robert Feldman, Verified Chapters 1 - 17, Complete Newest
Version
Memory - ANSWER: -The process by which we encode, store, and retrieve
information.
Encoding - ANSWER: -Recording information in a form usable to memory.
Storage - ANSWER: -The maintenance of material saved in memory.
Retrieval - ANSWER: -Locating material and bringing it into awareness so that it can
be used.
Sensory Memory - ANSWER: -The initial, momentary storage of information, lasting
only an instant.
-The first storehouse of information that operates as a kind of snapshot that stores
information for a brief moment in time. (1960).
-Iconic Memory.
-Echoic Memory.
-If sensory memory is not moved into short-term memory, it is lost for good.
Iconic Memory - ANSWER: -A type of short-term sensory memory in which one can
recall visual images for just a few milliseconds after the physical image has
disappeared.
Echoic Memory - ANSWER: -Stores auditory information coming from the ears. (2 to
3 seconds).
Short-Term Memory - ANSWER: -Memory that holds information for 15 to 25
seconds.
-We can hold up to 7 items, or "chunks," of information in short-term memory, with
variations up to plus or minus 2 chunks.
Chunk - ANSWER: -A group of separate pieces of information stored as a single unit
in short-term memory. (George Miller, 1956).
-For example: P B S F O X C N N A B C C B S M T V N B C can be chunked as P B S, FOX,
C N N, A B C, C B S, M T V, N B C.
Rehearsal - ANSWER: -The repetition of information that has entered short-term
memory.
-Maintains information in short-term memory when repeated.
-Allows transfer of information into long-term memory.
, Elaborative Rehearsal - ANSWER: -A memory and learning technique that involves
the formation of associations and connections between new information and
knowledge that has already been learned.
Mnemonics - ANSWER: -They are strategies for organizing information in a way that
makes it more likely to be remembered.
-Examples: ROY G BIV; HOMES; SCUBA.
Working Memory - ANSWER: -Memory system that holds information temporarily
while actively manipulating and rehearsing that information.
-Working memory allows us to keep information in an active state so we can do
something with it.
-It contains a central executive processor that is involved in reasoning, decision
making, and planning. (Hypothetical Construct)
-It also has three subsystems: the visual store; the verbal store; and the episodic
buffer.
Working Memory - ANSWER: -As it processes information, it uses a significant
amount of cognitive resources; and the number of chunks that can be held and
processed is limited.
-The cognitive effort involved can make us less aware of our surroundings.
-Finally, stress can reduce the capacity of working memory.
Central Executive Processor - ANSWER: -Responsible for controlled processing in
working memory.
-Is involved in reasoning, decision making, and planning. (Hypothetical Construct).
Visual Store - ANSWER: -Maintains a limited amount of visual information so that it
can be quickly accessed to serve the needs of ongoing tasks.
Verbal Store - ANSWER: -The ability to temporarily store verbal information so that it
can accessed to do tasks.
Episodic Buffer - ANSWER: -A limited capacity storage system responsible for
integrating information from several sources to create a unified memory.
Long-Term Memory - ANSWER: -Stores information on a relatively permanent basis,
although it may be difficult to retrieve, almost unlimited capacity.
-The ability to recall information in a list depends on where in the list an item
appears. (Primacy Effect and Recency Effect).
Primacy Effect - ANSWER: -Best remembered are items that come early.
-The ability to recall information in a list depends on where in the list an item
appears.
Recency Effect - ANSWER: -Best remembered are items presented late.
Robert Feldman, Verified Chapters 1 - 17, Complete Newest
Version
Memory - ANSWER: -The process by which we encode, store, and retrieve
information.
Encoding - ANSWER: -Recording information in a form usable to memory.
Storage - ANSWER: -The maintenance of material saved in memory.
Retrieval - ANSWER: -Locating material and bringing it into awareness so that it can
be used.
Sensory Memory - ANSWER: -The initial, momentary storage of information, lasting
only an instant.
-The first storehouse of information that operates as a kind of snapshot that stores
information for a brief moment in time. (1960).
-Iconic Memory.
-Echoic Memory.
-If sensory memory is not moved into short-term memory, it is lost for good.
Iconic Memory - ANSWER: -A type of short-term sensory memory in which one can
recall visual images for just a few milliseconds after the physical image has
disappeared.
Echoic Memory - ANSWER: -Stores auditory information coming from the ears. (2 to
3 seconds).
Short-Term Memory - ANSWER: -Memory that holds information for 15 to 25
seconds.
-We can hold up to 7 items, or "chunks," of information in short-term memory, with
variations up to plus or minus 2 chunks.
Chunk - ANSWER: -A group of separate pieces of information stored as a single unit
in short-term memory. (George Miller, 1956).
-For example: P B S F O X C N N A B C C B S M T V N B C can be chunked as P B S, FOX,
C N N, A B C, C B S, M T V, N B C.
Rehearsal - ANSWER: -The repetition of information that has entered short-term
memory.
-Maintains information in short-term memory when repeated.
-Allows transfer of information into long-term memory.
, Elaborative Rehearsal - ANSWER: -A memory and learning technique that involves
the formation of associations and connections between new information and
knowledge that has already been learned.
Mnemonics - ANSWER: -They are strategies for organizing information in a way that
makes it more likely to be remembered.
-Examples: ROY G BIV; HOMES; SCUBA.
Working Memory - ANSWER: -Memory system that holds information temporarily
while actively manipulating and rehearsing that information.
-Working memory allows us to keep information in an active state so we can do
something with it.
-It contains a central executive processor that is involved in reasoning, decision
making, and planning. (Hypothetical Construct)
-It also has three subsystems: the visual store; the verbal store; and the episodic
buffer.
Working Memory - ANSWER: -As it processes information, it uses a significant
amount of cognitive resources; and the number of chunks that can be held and
processed is limited.
-The cognitive effort involved can make us less aware of our surroundings.
-Finally, stress can reduce the capacity of working memory.
Central Executive Processor - ANSWER: -Responsible for controlled processing in
working memory.
-Is involved in reasoning, decision making, and planning. (Hypothetical Construct).
Visual Store - ANSWER: -Maintains a limited amount of visual information so that it
can be quickly accessed to serve the needs of ongoing tasks.
Verbal Store - ANSWER: -The ability to temporarily store verbal information so that it
can accessed to do tasks.
Episodic Buffer - ANSWER: -A limited capacity storage system responsible for
integrating information from several sources to create a unified memory.
Long-Term Memory - ANSWER: -Stores information on a relatively permanent basis,
although it may be difficult to retrieve, almost unlimited capacity.
-The ability to recall information in a list depends on where in the list an item
appears. (Primacy Effect and Recency Effect).
Primacy Effect - ANSWER: -Best remembered are items that come early.
-The ability to recall information in a list depends on where in the list an item
appears.
Recency Effect - ANSWER: -Best remembered are items presented late.
