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Summary Landscape Maintenance/Ornamental and Turf (2022)

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Texas Department of Agriculture (TDA) The primary agency regulating pesticides in Texas. The Texas Structural Pest Control Service (SPCS) Also licenses people to apply pesticides to lawns, ornamental plants, and weeds to control landscape pests. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) You need to take a comprehensive approach that uses biological, cultural, physical, and chemical controls in a careful, environmentally sound manner. The terms for this approach is ..... Natural Factors ....influence pests include climate, natural barriers and enemies, population developmnt and dynamics, and the availability of shelter, food, and water. These XXXXX factors may cause pest populations to increase or decrease without influence from humans. Biological Control ....involves manipulating the natural enemies of pests-those that kill and eat pests (predators), those that feed on but do not necessarily kill pests (parasites), or those that cause diseases in pests (pathogens). You can encourage and maintain high population levels of these natural enemies by using pesticides carefully or by releasing a pest's enemies into the target area. Cultural Control ....methods are the activities involved in taking care of the plants, such as site selection and watering practices. These techniques can alter the environment around the plants to affect the pests that could be attacking them. Mechanical Control ....involves the use of equipment or manual operations to keep out or disrupt the life cycle of pests. Barriers that exclude pests include fencing, plastic mulches, and row covers. Host Plant Resistance ....Some plants can tolerate damage from certain pests or are unsuitable for pest development; this trait is known as xxxxxxxx. For example, the St. Augustine grass variety 'Floratam' is resistant to chinch bugs. Chemical Control ....involves the use of pesticides to destroy pests, control their activity, or prevent them from causing damage. Chemical pesticides are often the quickest way to control pests and, in some cases, the only alternative. Plant Selection A critical step in pest control is to choose the proper plant or variety for the landscape. Choose all landscape plants according to their water requirements, shade tolerance, and susceptibility to pests. Water Too much or too little xxxxx can damage or kill plants. Lack of water causes leaves to wilt, droop and drop. Excess water in the soil forces out the oxygen that plant roots need to survive. Fertilization Plants need 16 elements, which in horticulture are called plant nutrients. The soil usually contains enough of these nutrients for normal plant growth. Nitrogen is normally the most limiting plant nutrient. It constitutes the foundation of most common fertilizers. The elements needed in tiny amounts are called micronutrients. The best way to determine how much and what kind of fertilizer that a landscape needs is to take a soil sample. Mowing The primary cultural practice in turf management is xxxxx. Good xxxxxxx practices enhance turf and can significantly help you manage pests. It can improve turf color, density, root development, texture, and wear tolerance.

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Landscape Maintenance/Ornamental And Turf
Course
Landscape Maintenance/Ornamental and Turf

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Landscape Maintenance/Ornamental and
pp pp




Turf (2022)
pp pp




TexasppDepartmentppofppAgriculturepp(TDA)
TheppprimaryppagencyppregulatingpppesticidesppinppTexas.
TheppTexasppStructuralppPestppControlppServicepp(SPCS)
Alsopplicensespppeoplepptoppapplypppesticidespptopplawns,ppornamentalppplants,ppandppweedspptoppc
ontrolpplandscapepppests.
IntegratedppPestppManagementpp(IPM)
Youppneedpptopptakeppappcomprehensiveppapproachppthatppusesppbiological,ppcultural,ppphysical,pp
andppchemicalppcontrolsppinppappcareful,ppenvironmentallyppsoundppmanner.ppThepptermsppforppthisppappro
achppispp.....
NaturalppFactors
....influencepppestsppincludeppclimate,ppnaturalppbarriersppandppenemies,pppopulationppdevelopm
ntppandppdynamics,ppandpptheppavailabilityppofppshelter,ppfood,ppandppwater.ppTheseppXXXXXppfactorsppma
yppcausepppestpppopulationspptoppincreasepporppdecreaseppwithoutppinfluenceppfrompphumans.
BiologicalppControl ....involvesppmanipulatingpptheppnaturalppenemiesppofpppests-
thoseppthatppkillppandppeatpppestspp(predators),ppthoseppthatppfeedpponppbutppdoppnotppnecessarilyppkillpppestspp
(parasites),pporppthoseppthatppcauseppdiseasesppinpppestspp(pathogens).ppYouppcanppencourageppandppmainta
inpphighpppopulationpplevelsppofpptheseppnaturalppenemiesppbyppusingpppesticidesppcarefullypporppbyppreleas
ingppapppest'sppenemiesppintoppthepptargetpparea.
CulturalppControl
....methodspparepptheppactivitiesppinvolvedppinpptakingppcareppofpptheppplants,ppsuchppasppsiteppselect
ionppandppwateringpppractices.ppThesepptechniquesppcanppalterpptheppenvironmentpparoundpptheppplantspptop
paffectppthepppestsppthatppcouldppbeppattackingppthem.

MechanicalppControl
....involvespptheppuseppofppequipmentpporppmanualppoperationspptoppkeepppoutpporppdisruptppthepplife
ppcycleppofpppests.ppBarriers ppthatppexcludepppestsppincludeppfencing,ppplasticppmulches,ppandpprowppcovers

.
HostppPlantppResistance
....Someppplantsppcanpptolerateppdamageppfromppcertainpppestspporppareppunsuitableppforpppestppdev
elopment;ppthispptraitppisppknownppasppxxxxxxxx.ppForppexample,pptheppSt.ppAugustineppgrassppvarietypp'Fl
oratam'ppisppresistantpptoppchinchppbugs.
ChemicalppControl
....involvespptheppuseppofpppesticidespptoppdestroypppests,ppcontrolpptheirppactivity,pporpppreventppth
emppfromppcausingppdamage.ppChemicalpppesticidesppareppoftenpptheppquickestppwaypptoppcontrolpppestsppa
nd,ppinppsomeppcases,ppthepponlyppalternative.
PlantppSelection
Appcriticalppstepppinpppestppcontrolppispptoppchoosepptheppproperppplantpporppvarietyppforppthepplandsc
ape.ppChooseppallpplandscapeppplantsppaccordingpptopptheirppwaterpprequirements,ppshadepptolerance,ppand
ppsusceptibilitypptopppests.

Water
Tooppmuchpporpptoopplittleppxxxxxppcanppdamagepporppkillppplants.ppLackppofppwaterppcausesppleaves

, pptoppwilt,ppdroopppandppdrop.ppExcessppwaterppinpptheppsoilppforcesppoutpptheppoxygenppthatppplantpprootsppne
edpptoppsurvive.
Fertilization
Plantsppneedpp16ppelements,ppwhichppinpphorticultureppareppcalledppplantppnutrients.ppTheppsoilppus
uallyppcontainsppenoughppofpptheseppnutrientsppforppnormalppplantppgrowth.ppNitrogenppisppnormallyppthepp
mostpplimitingppplantppnutrient.ppItppconstitutespptheppfoundationppofppmostppcommonppfertilizers.ppTheppel
ementsppneededppinpptinyppamountsppareppcalledppmicronutrients.ppTheppbestppwaypptoppdeterminepphowpp
muchppandppwhatppkindppofppfertilizerppthatppapplandscapeppneedsppispptopptakeppappsoilppsample.
Mowing
Theppprimaryppculturalpppracticeppinppturfppmanagementppisppxxxxx.ppGoodppxxxxxxxpppracticespp
enhanceppturfppandppcanppsignificantlypphelpppyouppmanagepppests.ppItppcanppimproveppturfppcolor,ppdensity
,pprootppdevelopment,pptexture,ppandppwearpptolerance.
Thatch
Thatchppisppthepplayerppofppundecayedppgrassppbetweenpptheppsoilppandppgreenppleavesppofppappturfppp
lant.ppAsppoldppturfppplantsppageppandppdie,pptheyppdecomposeppintoppfinelypptexturedpphumusppthatppbecom
esppapppartppofpptheppsoilppsurface.
Pruning
Appprimarypptechniqueppforppproducingppappspecimenppplantppisppxxxxxx.ppxxxxxxpppreventsppand
pptreatsppsomeppdiseasesppandpphelpsppkeepppsomeppornamentalppplantsppattractive.ppYouppmustppprunepppr

operlypptopppreventpporppminimizeppinsectppandppdiseaseppinvasion.ppDoppnotppmakepptheppcutsppflushppwithp
papptrunkpporppmainppbranch.ppInstead,pppruneppthepplimbppoutsidepptheppcollar,ppwhichppispptheppsectionppofpp

theppbranchppwhereppitppjoinspptoppthepptrunkpporppmainppstem.
PreventiveppApplications Involveppapplyingppapppesticideppbeforepptheppproblemppappears.
Reactive,pporppCurativeppTreatments
Occurppafterppyouppnoticeppthepppestpporppitsppdamage.ppThenppyouppcanppapplyppapppesticideppthatppt
argetsppthatppspecificppproblem.
ProtectingppWaterppResources Doppnotppuseppmorepppesticideppthanppthepplabelppdirects.
Whenpppossible,ppmixppandpploadpppesticidesppatppleastpp100ppfeetppfromppsurfaceppwaterpporppappdirectpplink
pp(suchppasppappwell)pptoppgroundwater.

Preventpppesticidesppfromppback-siphoningppintoppyourppwaterppsource.
Delayppapplicationppifppheavypprainppisppimminent.
Considerppleavingppuntreatedppbufferppstripspparoundppwaterppsourcesppandpphardppsurfacespptoppreduceppp
esticideppmovement.
Drift
Driftppispptheppunintendedppmovementppofpppesticidesppthroughpptheppairppduringpporppafterppapplic
ationpptoppanppareappotherppthanppintendedpptarget.
ppParticleppdriftppispptheppmovementppofppdropletsppthroughpptheppairppduringpporppsoonppafterppapplications.

ppVaporppdriftppoccursppwhenpppesticidespplandpponppthepptargetppsiteppbutppthenppturnppintoppvaporpp(volatili

ze)ppandppmoveppoff-target.
Runoff
Ispptheppmovementppofpppesticidesppacrossppthepptreatedppsurface,ppsuchppasppapplawn.ppWhenpppesti
cidesppfallpponppanppimperviousppsurfacepptheyppcontaminateppthepprunoffppwater.

Topppreventppthisppkindppofpprunoff,ppsweeppporppblowppthepppesticideppoffpphardppsurfacesppsuchppasppdrive
ways,ppparkingpplots,ppsidewalks,ppandppstreets.
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Landscape Maintenance/Ornamental and Turf
Course
Landscape Maintenance/Ornamental and Turf

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Uploaded on
September 7, 2024
Number of pages
11
Written in
2022/2023
Type
SUMMARY

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  • landscape maintenanceornamental and turf 2022
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