TEST BANK For Discovering the Life Span, 5th Edition
Robert S. Feldman
cephalocaudal principle - ANSWER:the principle that growth follows a pattern that
begins with the head and upper body parts and then proceeds down to the rest of
the body
proximodistal principle - ANSWER:the principle to development proceeds from the
center of the body outward
principle of hierarchical integration - ANSWER:the principle that simply skills typically
develop separately and independently that are later integrated into more complex
skills
principle of the independence of systems - ANSWER:the principle that different body
system grows at different rates
neuron - ANSWER:the basic nerve cell of the nervous system
synapse - ANSWER:the gap at the connection between neurons, through which
neurons chemically communicate with one another
synaptic pruning - ANSWER:the elimination of neurons as a result of nonuse or lack
of stimulation
myelin - ANSWER:protective insulation that surrounds parts of the neurons - which
speeds the transmission of electrical impulses along brain cells but also adds to brain
weight
cerebral cortex - ANSWER:upper layer of the brain
plasticity - ANSWER:the degree to which developing structure or behavior is
modifiable as a result of experience
sensitive period - ANSWER:time in development, usually early in life, when children
are particularly susceptible to certain environmental influences or stimulation
rhythms - ANSWER:repetitive, cyclical patterns of behavior
state - ANSWER:the degree of awareness and infant displays to both internal and
external stimulation
, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep - ANSWER:the period of sleep that is found in older
children and adults is associated with dream
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) - ANSWER:the unexplained death of seemingly
healthy baby
reflexes - ANSWER:unlearned, organized involuntary responses that occur
automatically in the presence of certain stimuli
norms - ANSWER:the average performance of a large sample of children of a given
age
Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) - ANSWER:a measure
designed to determine infants neurological and behavioral responses to their
environment
nonorganic failure to thrive - ANSWER:a disorder in which infants stop growing as a
result of a lack of stimulation and attention as the result of inadequate parenting
sensation - ANSWER:the physical stimulation of sense organs
perception - ANSWER:the sorting out, interpretation, analysis, and integration of
stimuli involving the sense organs and brain
multimodal approach to perception - ANSWER:the approach that considers how
information that is collected by various individual sensory system is integrated and
coordinated
affordances - ANSWER:the action possibilities that a given situation or stimulus
provides
scheme - ANSWER:an organize pattern of functioning that adapt and change with
mental functioning
assimilation - ANSWER:the process in which people understand and experience in
terms of their current stage of cognitive development and way of thinking
accommodation - ANSWER:changes in existing ways of thinking that occur in
response to encounters with new stimuli or events
sensorimotor stage (of cognitive development) - ANSWER:Piaget's initial major stage
of cognitive development, which can be broken down into six substages
object permanence - ANSWER:the realization that people and objects exist even
when they cannot be seen
Robert S. Feldman
cephalocaudal principle - ANSWER:the principle that growth follows a pattern that
begins with the head and upper body parts and then proceeds down to the rest of
the body
proximodistal principle - ANSWER:the principle to development proceeds from the
center of the body outward
principle of hierarchical integration - ANSWER:the principle that simply skills typically
develop separately and independently that are later integrated into more complex
skills
principle of the independence of systems - ANSWER:the principle that different body
system grows at different rates
neuron - ANSWER:the basic nerve cell of the nervous system
synapse - ANSWER:the gap at the connection between neurons, through which
neurons chemically communicate with one another
synaptic pruning - ANSWER:the elimination of neurons as a result of nonuse or lack
of stimulation
myelin - ANSWER:protective insulation that surrounds parts of the neurons - which
speeds the transmission of electrical impulses along brain cells but also adds to brain
weight
cerebral cortex - ANSWER:upper layer of the brain
plasticity - ANSWER:the degree to which developing structure or behavior is
modifiable as a result of experience
sensitive period - ANSWER:time in development, usually early in life, when children
are particularly susceptible to certain environmental influences or stimulation
rhythms - ANSWER:repetitive, cyclical patterns of behavior
state - ANSWER:the degree of awareness and infant displays to both internal and
external stimulation
, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep - ANSWER:the period of sleep that is found in older
children and adults is associated with dream
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) - ANSWER:the unexplained death of seemingly
healthy baby
reflexes - ANSWER:unlearned, organized involuntary responses that occur
automatically in the presence of certain stimuli
norms - ANSWER:the average performance of a large sample of children of a given
age
Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) - ANSWER:a measure
designed to determine infants neurological and behavioral responses to their
environment
nonorganic failure to thrive - ANSWER:a disorder in which infants stop growing as a
result of a lack of stimulation and attention as the result of inadequate parenting
sensation - ANSWER:the physical stimulation of sense organs
perception - ANSWER:the sorting out, interpretation, analysis, and integration of
stimuli involving the sense organs and brain
multimodal approach to perception - ANSWER:the approach that considers how
information that is collected by various individual sensory system is integrated and
coordinated
affordances - ANSWER:the action possibilities that a given situation or stimulus
provides
scheme - ANSWER:an organize pattern of functioning that adapt and change with
mental functioning
assimilation - ANSWER:the process in which people understand and experience in
terms of their current stage of cognitive development and way of thinking
accommodation - ANSWER:changes in existing ways of thinking that occur in
response to encounters with new stimuli or events
sensorimotor stage (of cognitive development) - ANSWER:Piaget's initial major stage
of cognitive development, which can be broken down into six substages
object permanence - ANSWER:the realization that people and objects exist even
when they cannot be seen
