uterus
fallopian granulosacells ofthecoronaradiata
tube 2 acrosomalreaction Bindingofthesperm receptorstothezona
pellucida thecatlevels increase whichreleasestheacrosoma
ovary ovary enzymes whichthendigests a hole
cervicalcanal 3 binding thespermbindstotheoocyte's spermbindingreceptors
g
polyspermy entryofseveralspermsintotheegg
mm d Blockofpolyspermy
enzyme
cholestrol oocytemembraneblock
theoocyteshedstheremaingspermbindingreceptors
midpier head nucleus cortical
reaction
n
afterthespermbindstothespermbindingreceptors thesmoothER
releasescat whenthecatlevelsincreasethecorticalgranuleswill
tail helpin swimming releaseenzymesthatwilldestroythereceptors3 it'llmakethezona
pellucidahardencausingnomorespermstoenter
Spermatozoa completionofmeosis 2 3 fertilization
as thesperm'scytoplasmcontent's enter theoocytethe sperm
capacitation makespermenableto penetratetheegg losesits plasmamembrane its nucleusswellstoabout5times
Duringejaculation a man expelsmillionsof spermsinto his its previous sizetoform malepronucleus
partners vaginamostspermsdon'treachtheoocyte thesecondaryoocyte is activatedfromit'ssemi
dominantstat
millionsof spermsleakfromthevagina calciumsurgestriggerthecorticalreaction zincallowstheooc
millionsof sperms are destroyedbythevagina'sacidic tocompletemeiosis II
environment zygote thefirstcellof anewindividual fertilizedegg
move aredestroyedbyresident phagocytes
enterstheeggIf morethan1 spermentersthenmeosis IIneverhappen
Howdoescapacitationhappen secretionsofthefemaletract whendoesovulationhappen onday14
jjjjjjj.fi
removesomeoftheirprotectivemembraneproteins Howmanyhoursdoestheeggwaitforiji thesperm 14hrs
itprevents thespillingofacrosomalenzymes
fertalizationfirstoccurswhentheegg spermmixforming a zygote
3
tube Spermhas areceptor thatsensesthedirectionoffluid
whentheconceptus arrivestothe uterus atwhichstage
released bytheooctye s morula
i ofthezygote
cleavage rapidmitoticdivision anus 3days
ii
É jÉ
Obinding
t formation
800 88
i trophoblast
g blast
embryo
8888,88888808
Blastocytecavity Innerceilmass
t embryo
blast formstheembryo
zona
pellucida
, iii
originatesfrombothembryonic 3 maternaltissues
2
itsmadeupofchorionicvillus 3 theendometrium
deciduabasalistheendometrium thatliesbeneaththeembryo
iii
deciduacapsularis theendometrium thatsurroundstheuterine
epiblast
88 cavity it alsoexpands to accommodatethefetus
oo
goo
oo
o
oo
88 hypoblast whatarethefunctionsoftheplacenta
isnutritive hasrespiratory excretory 3 endocrineorgans
blast formstheembryo 3theembryonicmembrane
embryo theplacentaalsoproduceshumanplacental cactogen 3 relaxin
implantation blastocyst attachto endometrium theyencouragegrowth 3furtherdifferentiateofmammaryglands
trophoblast playsanimprowinimplantingtheembryo intheuteruswall If forsomereasontheplacentalhormonesarenotenoughwhen HCG
makesamajorcontributiontothe
chorionpartoftheplacenta levelsdecrease th endometriumdegenerates 3 thepregnancy
itdividesintotwocyto partandthe
trophoblastwhich istheinner spontaneously aborts
trophoblastwhichallclumpstogether
syncyto Extra
embryonicmembrane
embryoni disc epiblast hypoblast amnion surroundstheamnioniccavity isfilledwithamnionicfluid
placenta amnionicfluid protectstheembryofromphysicaltrauma
embryopart totrophoblast
syncy helps inmaintainingconstanttemperature
maternalpart endometrium theembryonicpartsfromfusingtogether
prevents
theyleavetwopartstheamnioniccavitywhich isfromthe s isderivedfrommaternalblood
trophoblastside andthe
syncyto yolksac on theother theembryo'skidneyisformed 3 fetalwin contributes to
Howdoesimplantationoccur amnionicfluidvolume
thetrophoblastreleasesdigestiveenzymesthatsticktotheendo yolksac s isthemainsourceofnutritionfortheembryo
thenthetrophoblastsplitsintotwosyncyto3 ayto thecyto is the formsapartofthegut
innerpart3 thesyncytotheyfusetogether toforma single thesourceoftheearliestbloodcells
multinucleatedcytoplasmalicmass primontialspermcellsmigratetothegonadstoformsperm3 ova
sussesfullimplantationtakesabout 5days3 is completedon12 allantois isthestructuralbaseoftheumbilicalcord
becomes apartoftheurinarybladder
Howdoestheembryorescuethecorpusluteum chorion shelpstoformtheplacentatheoutermostmembrane
thesyncytrophoblastproduces tica humanchronicgonadotropin enclosestheembryonicbody 3 allother membranes
the ticathenpromptsthecorpusluteumtocontinuesecreting
Corpusluteum producesestrogen3 progestrone Gastrulation germlayerformation
theembryonicdisctransformsinto a three layeredembryo
If a woman goesto thehospitalbecauseherperiod is late theprimarygermlayersendoderm mesoderm z ectoderm
what isthefirstthingshetestsfor aprimitivestreakisformedbetweentheepiblast 3thehypoblastthen
shedoes a bloodtesttocheck for Hca whichmeanssheprego thepiblastdivides3makesnewcellsthesenewcellsgodownthe
theHcalevelscontinuetorise untiltheendofthesecondmonth pivimativestreak tothhypoblast whichthenformstheendoderm
thebloodlevelsdeclinesharply till itreaches a lowvalueby4thmonth th blastdivides3makesnewcellsthat then
becausetheplacentais nowresponsiblefortherelease ofthe
godownthepirimativestreakandgobetween thepiblast3 th
endoderm andthnitturnsintothemesoderm thenthe liftcalls
Progestrone 3theestrogenandthecorpuseatum age
intheepidermturnsintoectoderm 3thats howthethreegermlay
whatstheimportance of thethreegermlayers
itswherethorgans 3 all th systemscomefrom
fallopian granulosacells ofthecoronaradiata
tube 2 acrosomalreaction Bindingofthesperm receptorstothezona
pellucida thecatlevels increase whichreleasestheacrosoma
ovary ovary enzymes whichthendigests a hole
cervicalcanal 3 binding thespermbindstotheoocyte's spermbindingreceptors
g
polyspermy entryofseveralspermsintotheegg
mm d Blockofpolyspermy
enzyme
cholestrol oocytemembraneblock
theoocyteshedstheremaingspermbindingreceptors
midpier head nucleus cortical
reaction
n
afterthespermbindstothespermbindingreceptors thesmoothER
releasescat whenthecatlevelsincreasethecorticalgranuleswill
tail helpin swimming releaseenzymesthatwilldestroythereceptors3 it'llmakethezona
pellucidahardencausingnomorespermstoenter
Spermatozoa completionofmeosis 2 3 fertilization
as thesperm'scytoplasmcontent's enter theoocytethe sperm
capacitation makespermenableto penetratetheegg losesits plasmamembrane its nucleusswellstoabout5times
Duringejaculation a man expelsmillionsof spermsinto his its previous sizetoform malepronucleus
partners vaginamostspermsdon'treachtheoocyte thesecondaryoocyte is activatedfromit'ssemi
dominantstat
millionsof spermsleakfromthevagina calciumsurgestriggerthecorticalreaction zincallowstheooc
millionsof sperms are destroyedbythevagina'sacidic tocompletemeiosis II
environment zygote thefirstcellof anewindividual fertilizedegg
move aredestroyedbyresident phagocytes
enterstheeggIf morethan1 spermentersthenmeosis IIneverhappen
Howdoescapacitationhappen secretionsofthefemaletract whendoesovulationhappen onday14
jjjjjjj.fi
removesomeoftheirprotectivemembraneproteins Howmanyhoursdoestheeggwaitforiji thesperm 14hrs
itprevents thespillingofacrosomalenzymes
fertalizationfirstoccurswhentheegg spermmixforming a zygote
3
tube Spermhas areceptor thatsensesthedirectionoffluid
whentheconceptus arrivestothe uterus atwhichstage
released bytheooctye s morula
i ofthezygote
cleavage rapidmitoticdivision anus 3days
ii
É jÉ
Obinding
t formation
800 88
i trophoblast
g blast
embryo
8888,88888808
Blastocytecavity Innerceilmass
t embryo
blast formstheembryo
zona
pellucida
, iii
originatesfrombothembryonic 3 maternaltissues
2
itsmadeupofchorionicvillus 3 theendometrium
deciduabasalistheendometrium thatliesbeneaththeembryo
iii
deciduacapsularis theendometrium thatsurroundstheuterine
epiblast
88 cavity it alsoexpands to accommodatethefetus
oo
goo
oo
o
oo
88 hypoblast whatarethefunctionsoftheplacenta
isnutritive hasrespiratory excretory 3 endocrineorgans
blast formstheembryo 3theembryonicmembrane
embryo theplacentaalsoproduceshumanplacental cactogen 3 relaxin
implantation blastocyst attachto endometrium theyencouragegrowth 3furtherdifferentiateofmammaryglands
trophoblast playsanimprowinimplantingtheembryo intheuteruswall If forsomereasontheplacentalhormonesarenotenoughwhen HCG
makesamajorcontributiontothe
chorionpartoftheplacenta levelsdecrease th endometriumdegenerates 3 thepregnancy
itdividesintotwocyto partandthe
trophoblastwhich istheinner spontaneously aborts
trophoblastwhichallclumpstogether
syncyto Extra
embryonicmembrane
embryoni disc epiblast hypoblast amnion surroundstheamnioniccavity isfilledwithamnionicfluid
placenta amnionicfluid protectstheembryofromphysicaltrauma
embryopart totrophoblast
syncy helps inmaintainingconstanttemperature
maternalpart endometrium theembryonicpartsfromfusingtogether
prevents
theyleavetwopartstheamnioniccavitywhich isfromthe s isderivedfrommaternalblood
trophoblastside andthe
syncyto yolksac on theother theembryo'skidneyisformed 3 fetalwin contributes to
Howdoesimplantationoccur amnionicfluidvolume
thetrophoblastreleasesdigestiveenzymesthatsticktotheendo yolksac s isthemainsourceofnutritionfortheembryo
thenthetrophoblastsplitsintotwosyncyto3 ayto thecyto is the formsapartofthegut
innerpart3 thesyncytotheyfusetogether toforma single thesourceoftheearliestbloodcells
multinucleatedcytoplasmalicmass primontialspermcellsmigratetothegonadstoformsperm3 ova
sussesfullimplantationtakesabout 5days3 is completedon12 allantois isthestructuralbaseoftheumbilicalcord
becomes apartoftheurinarybladder
Howdoestheembryorescuethecorpusluteum chorion shelpstoformtheplacentatheoutermostmembrane
thesyncytrophoblastproduces tica humanchronicgonadotropin enclosestheembryonicbody 3 allother membranes
the ticathenpromptsthecorpusluteumtocontinuesecreting
Corpusluteum producesestrogen3 progestrone Gastrulation germlayerformation
theembryonicdisctransformsinto a three layeredembryo
If a woman goesto thehospitalbecauseherperiod is late theprimarygermlayersendoderm mesoderm z ectoderm
what isthefirstthingshetestsfor aprimitivestreakisformedbetweentheepiblast 3thehypoblastthen
shedoes a bloodtesttocheck for Hca whichmeanssheprego thepiblastdivides3makesnewcellsthesenewcellsgodownthe
theHcalevelscontinuetorise untiltheendofthesecondmonth pivimativestreak tothhypoblast whichthenformstheendoderm
thebloodlevelsdeclinesharply till itreaches a lowvalueby4thmonth th blastdivides3makesnewcellsthat then
becausetheplacentais nowresponsiblefortherelease ofthe
godownthepirimativestreakandgobetween thepiblast3 th
endoderm andthnitturnsintothemesoderm thenthe liftcalls
Progestrone 3theestrogenandthecorpuseatum age
intheepidermturnsintoectoderm 3thats howthethreegermlay
whatstheimportance of thethreegermlayers
itswherethorgans 3 all th systemscomefrom
