Clinical Nursing Skills and Techniques, 11th Edition TEST BANK
by Anne Griffin Perry, Patricia A. Potter
Factors that influence susceptibility to infection - ANSWER:Age
Nutritional status
Stress
Disease Processes
Medications and medical therapy
Factors that impair immune response
Health care-associated infections (HAIs) - ANSWER:An infection that is acquired in a
hospital setting, formerly known as a nosocomial infection
Staff, patients, and environmental factors support a high population of pathogens
that are resistant to antibiotics
Chain of infection - ANSWER:Infectious agent (pathogen)
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Means of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
Medical Asepsis - ANSWER:Practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of
pathogens; also known as clean technique
Hand hygiene, barrier techniques, and routine environmental cleanings
Breaking the chain of infection: Reducing numbers of infectious agent -
ANSWER:Clean contaminated products
Clean, disinfect, sterilize
Breaking the chain of infection: Reservoir (site or source of microorganism growth) -
ANSWER:1. Hand hygiene before and after patient contact
2. Control sources of body fluids and drainage
3. Bathe patient with soap and water, chlorhexidine, disposable bath
4. Change soiled dressings
5. Dispose of soiled tissues, dressings, linen in moisture-resistant bags
6. Syringes, uncapped hypodermic needles, IV needles in designated pucture-proof
containers
7. Clean and dry surfaces
8. Do not leave bottled solutions open
9. Keep solutions tightly capped
10. Keep surgical wound drainage tubes and collection bags patent
11. Empty and dispose of drainage suction bottles according to agency policy
, Breaking the Chain of Infection: Portal of Exit (means by which microorganisms leave
a site) - ANSWER:Respiratory
1. Avoid talking, sneezing, coughing directly over wound or sterile dressing field
2. Cover nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing
3. Wear mask if suffering respiratory tract infection
Urine, feces, emesis, and blood
1. Wear clean gloves when handling blood and body fluids
2. Wear gowns and eyewear if there is a chance of splashing fluids
3. Handle all lab specimens as if infectious
Breaking the chain of infection: Transmission - ANSWER:1. Hand hygiene
2. Use personal set of care items for each patient
3. Avoid shaking bed linen or clothes
4. Avoid contact of soiled item with uniform
5. Discard any item that touches the floor
6. Standard precautions or select transmission-based precautions
Breaking the chain of infection: Portal of entry (site through which microorganism
enters host) - ANSWER:Skin and mucosa
1. Maintain skin/mucosa integrity: lubricate skin, frequent hygiene, turn and
position
2. Cover wounds as needed
3. Clean wound sites thoroughly
4. Dispose of used needles in puncture-proof container
Urinary
Keep all drainage systems closed and intact, maintaining downward flow
Breaking the chain of infection: Host (patient) - ANSWER:1. Reduce susceptibility to
infection
2. Provide adequate nutrition
3. Ensure adequate rest
4. Promote body defenses against infection
5. Provide immunizations
Hand Hygiene - ANSWER:Washing hands with either plain or antiseptic soap and
water and using alcohol-based hand rubs
Four factors influencing hand hygiene - ANSWER:1. Intensity or degree of contact
with patients or contaminated objects
2. Amount of contamination that may occur with contact
3. Patient or healthcare worker's susceptibility
4. Procedure or activity to be performed
When to wash hands - ANSWER:1. When visibly dirty or soiled with blood or other
body fluids
by Anne Griffin Perry, Patricia A. Potter
Factors that influence susceptibility to infection - ANSWER:Age
Nutritional status
Stress
Disease Processes
Medications and medical therapy
Factors that impair immune response
Health care-associated infections (HAIs) - ANSWER:An infection that is acquired in a
hospital setting, formerly known as a nosocomial infection
Staff, patients, and environmental factors support a high population of pathogens
that are resistant to antibiotics
Chain of infection - ANSWER:Infectious agent (pathogen)
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Means of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
Medical Asepsis - ANSWER:Practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of
pathogens; also known as clean technique
Hand hygiene, barrier techniques, and routine environmental cleanings
Breaking the chain of infection: Reducing numbers of infectious agent -
ANSWER:Clean contaminated products
Clean, disinfect, sterilize
Breaking the chain of infection: Reservoir (site or source of microorganism growth) -
ANSWER:1. Hand hygiene before and after patient contact
2. Control sources of body fluids and drainage
3. Bathe patient with soap and water, chlorhexidine, disposable bath
4. Change soiled dressings
5. Dispose of soiled tissues, dressings, linen in moisture-resistant bags
6. Syringes, uncapped hypodermic needles, IV needles in designated pucture-proof
containers
7. Clean and dry surfaces
8. Do not leave bottled solutions open
9. Keep solutions tightly capped
10. Keep surgical wound drainage tubes and collection bags patent
11. Empty and dispose of drainage suction bottles according to agency policy
, Breaking the Chain of Infection: Portal of Exit (means by which microorganisms leave
a site) - ANSWER:Respiratory
1. Avoid talking, sneezing, coughing directly over wound or sterile dressing field
2. Cover nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing
3. Wear mask if suffering respiratory tract infection
Urine, feces, emesis, and blood
1. Wear clean gloves when handling blood and body fluids
2. Wear gowns and eyewear if there is a chance of splashing fluids
3. Handle all lab specimens as if infectious
Breaking the chain of infection: Transmission - ANSWER:1. Hand hygiene
2. Use personal set of care items for each patient
3. Avoid shaking bed linen or clothes
4. Avoid contact of soiled item with uniform
5. Discard any item that touches the floor
6. Standard precautions or select transmission-based precautions
Breaking the chain of infection: Portal of entry (site through which microorganism
enters host) - ANSWER:Skin and mucosa
1. Maintain skin/mucosa integrity: lubricate skin, frequent hygiene, turn and
position
2. Cover wounds as needed
3. Clean wound sites thoroughly
4. Dispose of used needles in puncture-proof container
Urinary
Keep all drainage systems closed and intact, maintaining downward flow
Breaking the chain of infection: Host (patient) - ANSWER:1. Reduce susceptibility to
infection
2. Provide adequate nutrition
3. Ensure adequate rest
4. Promote body defenses against infection
5. Provide immunizations
Hand Hygiene - ANSWER:Washing hands with either plain or antiseptic soap and
water and using alcohol-based hand rubs
Four factors influencing hand hygiene - ANSWER:1. Intensity or degree of contact
with patients or contaminated objects
2. Amount of contamination that may occur with contact
3. Patient or healthcare worker's susceptibility
4. Procedure or activity to be performed
When to wash hands - ANSWER:1. When visibly dirty or soiled with blood or other
body fluids
