Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, 11th Edition
TEST BANK by Frederic H Martini,
Give the detail meaning of the following terms as used in Anatomy and Physiology?
Chromosomes - ANSWER:are made of DNA molecules and proteins.
Autolysis - ANSWER:the process of self-destruction in old or weakened cells
Carotene - ANSWER:a carotenoid pigment in plant cells that produces a red-orange
color.
Cellulose - ANSWER:carbohydrate material that makes the cell wall of plant cells,
fiber in our diet.
Centrioles - ANSWER:they produce spindle fibers during cell division.
Centrosome - ANSWER:area near the nucleus made of two centrioles.
Chloroplasts - ANSWER:organelles found only in plant cells where photosynthesis
occurs; contain the pigment chlorophyll.
Chromatin - ANSWER:term used to describe the genetic material inside a nucleus
before duplication.
Cilia - ANSWER:small hairs found on cells that function in movement of materials
across the cells outer walls.
Cisternae - ANSWER:cavities of an endoplasmic reticulum that are sac or channel-
like.
Cristae - ANSWER:the folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.
Cytoplasm - ANSWER:the protoplasm outside the nucleus of a cell.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid - ANSWER:genetic material of cells located in the nucleus of
the cell that determines all the functions and characteristics of the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER:a complex system of membranes that form a
collection of membrane-bound cavities in a cell.
Eukaryotic - ANSWER:refers to higher cells, like those of the human body, with
membrane-bound organelles.
Flagella - ANSWER:long fibers that push a cell, like the flagellum of a sperm cell.
, Fluid Mosaic Pattern - ANSWER:term used to describe the arrangement of protein
and phospholipid molecules in a plasma or cell membrane.
Golgi body or Apparatus - ANSWER:consists of an assembly of flat sac-like cisternae
that look like a stack of saucers or pancakes; used as a storage area in the cell.
Granum - ANSWER:stacks of membranes found in chloroplasts.
Lamella - ANSWER:1) system of membranes that connect grana in a chloroplast.
Lamella - ANSWER:2) layer of concentric rings surrounding the Haversian canals.
Haversian canals - ANSWER:a feature of compact bone containing capillaries, also
called central canals.
Lysosomes - ANSWER:small bodies in the cytoplasm that contain powerful digestive
enzymes that enhance the breakdown of cellular components.
Messenger RNA - ANSWER:a type of RNA that transcribes the genetic code of a DNA
molecule.
Micrometer - ANSWER:more common term used instead of microns.
Microns (micrometers) - ANSWER:a cellular measurement equal to one thousandth
of a millimeter.
Microtubules - ANSWER:long, hollow cylinders made of tubulin.
Mitochondrion - ANSWER:small oblong-shaped structure composed of two
membranes. The powerhouse of the cell where ATP is made.
Nonpolar - ANSWER:compounds with unpolorized bonds.
Nuclear Membrane - ANSWER:Double-layered membrane that surrounds the
nucleous.
Nucleoplasm - ANSWER:that protoplasm inside the nucleous of a cell.
Nucleolus - ANSWER:a spherical particle within the nucleoplasm that does not have a
covering membrane aroud it.
Nucleus - ANSWER:1) a mass of nerve cell bodies and dendrites inside the central
nervous system.
Nucleus - ANSWER:2) part of an atom.
TEST BANK by Frederic H Martini,
Give the detail meaning of the following terms as used in Anatomy and Physiology?
Chromosomes - ANSWER:are made of DNA molecules and proteins.
Autolysis - ANSWER:the process of self-destruction in old or weakened cells
Carotene - ANSWER:a carotenoid pigment in plant cells that produces a red-orange
color.
Cellulose - ANSWER:carbohydrate material that makes the cell wall of plant cells,
fiber in our diet.
Centrioles - ANSWER:they produce spindle fibers during cell division.
Centrosome - ANSWER:area near the nucleus made of two centrioles.
Chloroplasts - ANSWER:organelles found only in plant cells where photosynthesis
occurs; contain the pigment chlorophyll.
Chromatin - ANSWER:term used to describe the genetic material inside a nucleus
before duplication.
Cilia - ANSWER:small hairs found on cells that function in movement of materials
across the cells outer walls.
Cisternae - ANSWER:cavities of an endoplasmic reticulum that are sac or channel-
like.
Cristae - ANSWER:the folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.
Cytoplasm - ANSWER:the protoplasm outside the nucleus of a cell.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid - ANSWER:genetic material of cells located in the nucleus of
the cell that determines all the functions and characteristics of the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER:a complex system of membranes that form a
collection of membrane-bound cavities in a cell.
Eukaryotic - ANSWER:refers to higher cells, like those of the human body, with
membrane-bound organelles.
Flagella - ANSWER:long fibers that push a cell, like the flagellum of a sperm cell.
, Fluid Mosaic Pattern - ANSWER:term used to describe the arrangement of protein
and phospholipid molecules in a plasma or cell membrane.
Golgi body or Apparatus - ANSWER:consists of an assembly of flat sac-like cisternae
that look like a stack of saucers or pancakes; used as a storage area in the cell.
Granum - ANSWER:stacks of membranes found in chloroplasts.
Lamella - ANSWER:1) system of membranes that connect grana in a chloroplast.
Lamella - ANSWER:2) layer of concentric rings surrounding the Haversian canals.
Haversian canals - ANSWER:a feature of compact bone containing capillaries, also
called central canals.
Lysosomes - ANSWER:small bodies in the cytoplasm that contain powerful digestive
enzymes that enhance the breakdown of cellular components.
Messenger RNA - ANSWER:a type of RNA that transcribes the genetic code of a DNA
molecule.
Micrometer - ANSWER:more common term used instead of microns.
Microns (micrometers) - ANSWER:a cellular measurement equal to one thousandth
of a millimeter.
Microtubules - ANSWER:long, hollow cylinders made of tubulin.
Mitochondrion - ANSWER:small oblong-shaped structure composed of two
membranes. The powerhouse of the cell where ATP is made.
Nonpolar - ANSWER:compounds with unpolorized bonds.
Nuclear Membrane - ANSWER:Double-layered membrane that surrounds the
nucleous.
Nucleoplasm - ANSWER:that protoplasm inside the nucleous of a cell.
Nucleolus - ANSWER:a spherical particle within the nucleoplasm that does not have a
covering membrane aroud it.
Nucleus - ANSWER:1) a mass of nerve cell bodies and dendrites inside the central
nervous system.
Nucleus - ANSWER:2) part of an atom.
