Gordis Epidemiology, 7th Edition TEST BANK By David D
Celentano; Moyses Szklo
How do we get human disease? - ANSWER:An interaction of a host, agent, and the
environment. Mainly result from an interaction of genetic, behavioral, and
environmental factors with the proportions differing for different diseases
Epidemiological triad - ANSWER:The product of an interaction between the human
host, an agent, and the environment for disease (infectious or chronic condition can
be used for this ex)
What are some factors that can cause human disease? - ANSWER:biologic factors,
physical factors, chemical factors, stess...
Examples of HOST characteristics? - ANSWER:Age, Sex, Race, Religion, Occupation,
Immunologic Status, Previous diseases,etc
What are some examples of agents (think epi triad) - ANSWER:Physical, Biologic,
Viruses, Bacteria, trauma, fire, radiation, heavy metals, smoke, nutritional
What are some examples of environmental factors (think epi triad)? -
ANSWER:Temperature, humidity, altitude, crowding, neighborhood, food, water, air
population, radiation
What are the two modes of disease transmission? - ANSWER:direct and indirect
What is direct disease transmission? What is an example? - ANSWER:Transmitted
from person to person by means of direct contact ex; STDs
What is indirect disease transmission? - ANSWER:Transmission that occurs through a
common vehible such as contaminated air or water supply or via a vector like
mosquito
What are some common vehicles for indirect disease transmission? -
ANSWER:Vector, single, multiple, and continuous exposure
What are some characteristics of an organism that causes its ability to spread
disease and produce outbreask? - ANSWER:rate of growth, the route by which it is
transmitted from one to another, the # of susceptible people in the population
Human Body as site for infection - ANSWER:surfaces and tracts of the body are
sources for potential infection
Skin and portal of disease entry - ANSWER:important portal of entry for diseases
enter the body through scratches, bites, and skin integrity injuries
skin- site for both infectious and non infectious diseases (absorbing into body)
, common bacteria that enter the skin_: staphylocci, fungi, tinea corpos, streptococci
How does the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of conditions connect to
the body - ANSWER:Clinical and Epi characteristics of infectious and non infectious
conditions relate to the site of exposure on the organism of to an environmental
substance and its portal of entry into body
Is the spectrum of disease the same for all diseases - ANSWER:no, it varies.
ex:
Tb: mostly inapparent cases
Rabies- all apparent and extreme and fetal
Measles; mostly moderate /severe and few inapparant cases
non - clinical (another name) - ANSWER:inapparant
clinical disease - ANSWER:apparent signs and symptoms
How does severity relate to the virulence of an organization - ANSWER:They are
related. Severity of disease is related to the site of the body the organism multiples
on, as well as host characteristics, and immune response
Virulence - ANSWER:How efficient the organism is at producing disease
What are the two stages of disease? - ANSWER:Clinical and non-clinical disease
What are the 4 stages of non-clinical disease - ANSWER:1. Preclinical
2. Subclinical
3. Persistent (chronic) disease
4. Latent disease
Pre Clinical Disease - ANSWER:Disease that is not yet clinically apparent, but is
destined to progress to clinical disease.
Subclinical disease - ANSWER:Disease that is not clinically apparent and is NOT
destined to be clinically apparent. Often diagnosed by antibody or serologic response
or culture of the organism.
Persistent(chronic) disease - ANSWER:A person who failed to "shake off" the
infection and it persists for years.
Example of persistent disease - ANSWER:adults who had polio suffer from post polio
syndrome. as an adult. nuclei and viable organism is kept
Latent Disease - ANSWER:An infection with no active multiplication of the agent.
Only the genetic message is present in the host.
Celentano; Moyses Szklo
How do we get human disease? - ANSWER:An interaction of a host, agent, and the
environment. Mainly result from an interaction of genetic, behavioral, and
environmental factors with the proportions differing for different diseases
Epidemiological triad - ANSWER:The product of an interaction between the human
host, an agent, and the environment for disease (infectious or chronic condition can
be used for this ex)
What are some factors that can cause human disease? - ANSWER:biologic factors,
physical factors, chemical factors, stess...
Examples of HOST characteristics? - ANSWER:Age, Sex, Race, Religion, Occupation,
Immunologic Status, Previous diseases,etc
What are some examples of agents (think epi triad) - ANSWER:Physical, Biologic,
Viruses, Bacteria, trauma, fire, radiation, heavy metals, smoke, nutritional
What are some examples of environmental factors (think epi triad)? -
ANSWER:Temperature, humidity, altitude, crowding, neighborhood, food, water, air
population, radiation
What are the two modes of disease transmission? - ANSWER:direct and indirect
What is direct disease transmission? What is an example? - ANSWER:Transmitted
from person to person by means of direct contact ex; STDs
What is indirect disease transmission? - ANSWER:Transmission that occurs through a
common vehible such as contaminated air or water supply or via a vector like
mosquito
What are some common vehicles for indirect disease transmission? -
ANSWER:Vector, single, multiple, and continuous exposure
What are some characteristics of an organism that causes its ability to spread
disease and produce outbreask? - ANSWER:rate of growth, the route by which it is
transmitted from one to another, the # of susceptible people in the population
Human Body as site for infection - ANSWER:surfaces and tracts of the body are
sources for potential infection
Skin and portal of disease entry - ANSWER:important portal of entry for diseases
enter the body through scratches, bites, and skin integrity injuries
skin- site for both infectious and non infectious diseases (absorbing into body)
, common bacteria that enter the skin_: staphylocci, fungi, tinea corpos, streptococci
How does the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of conditions connect to
the body - ANSWER:Clinical and Epi characteristics of infectious and non infectious
conditions relate to the site of exposure on the organism of to an environmental
substance and its portal of entry into body
Is the spectrum of disease the same for all diseases - ANSWER:no, it varies.
ex:
Tb: mostly inapparent cases
Rabies- all apparent and extreme and fetal
Measles; mostly moderate /severe and few inapparant cases
non - clinical (another name) - ANSWER:inapparant
clinical disease - ANSWER:apparent signs and symptoms
How does severity relate to the virulence of an organization - ANSWER:They are
related. Severity of disease is related to the site of the body the organism multiples
on, as well as host characteristics, and immune response
Virulence - ANSWER:How efficient the organism is at producing disease
What are the two stages of disease? - ANSWER:Clinical and non-clinical disease
What are the 4 stages of non-clinical disease - ANSWER:1. Preclinical
2. Subclinical
3. Persistent (chronic) disease
4. Latent disease
Pre Clinical Disease - ANSWER:Disease that is not yet clinically apparent, but is
destined to progress to clinical disease.
Subclinical disease - ANSWER:Disease that is not clinically apparent and is NOT
destined to be clinically apparent. Often diagnosed by antibody or serologic response
or culture of the organism.
Persistent(chronic) disease - ANSWER:A person who failed to "shake off" the
infection and it persists for years.
Example of persistent disease - ANSWER:adults who had polio suffer from post polio
syndrome. as an adult. nuclei and viable organism is kept
Latent Disease - ANSWER:An infection with no active multiplication of the agent.
Only the genetic message is present in the host.
