Pearson Edexcel GCSE In Geography (1GA0/01) Paper 1

Pearson Edexcel GCSE In Geography (1GA0/01) Paper 1 Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s largest awarding body. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further information visit our qualifications websites at or . Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the details on our contact us page at Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere Pearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been involved in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international reputation for our commitment to high standards and raising achievement through innovation in education. Find out more about how we can help you and your students at: Summer 2024 Question Paper Log Number P75518A Publications Code 1GA0/01 2406_MS All the material in this publication is copyright © Pearson Education Ltd 2024 General Marking Guidance • All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last. • Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions. • Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie. • There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately. • All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme. • Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited. • When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted. • Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an alternative response. Paper 1 Mark scheme Question number Answer Mark 1 (a) D – slate (1) The rock type is slate and is not basalt (A), granite (B) or sandstone (C). (1) Question number Answer Mark 1 (b) (i) Working to show Dividing measured distance by 3.0 or 3.1cm= 1 mark Measured distance between the points can vary between 10.3-11.5cm Correct answer is 3.5km = 1 mark (accept 3.3km-3.8km) Max of 1 mark if no workings shown (or incorrect workings) but correct answer is given. (2) Question number Answer Mark 1(b) (ii) A – Angle Tarn The four figure grid reference for Angle Tarn is 2407. The other three features are not located in this grid square. (1) Question number Answer Mark 1 (c) Award 1 mark for an impact of weathering and 1 mark for explanation why this impact takes place, up to a maximum of 2 marks. Rocks can disintegrate (1) due to water freezing and melting repeatedly (1). Solution can dissolve rocks (1) due to acids in rainwater (1). Repeated heating and cooling (1) splits rocks apart (1). Rocks can be broken apart (1) collecting on slopes as clitter (1). Repeated cycles of frost shattering (1) can produce limestone pavements (1). Weathering breaks down rock (1) which can lead to lowland areas (1) Note - Landscapes can be considered at different scales (e.g. small scale – rocks; larger scale – upland/ lowland areas) Accept any other appropriate response. (2) Question number Answer Mark 2 (a) A – bar (1) The landform is a bar and is not a headland (B), spit (C) or wave cut platform (D). (1) Question number Answer Mark 2 (b) Award 1 mark for one of the following, maximum of 1 mark. A large area of soil/rock moves down a slope in a rotational manner/due to being saturated (1). Accept any other appropriate response. (1) Question number Answer Mark 2 (c) Award 1 mark for a seasonal change which affects rates of erosion and a further 1 mark for extension through explanation, up to a maximum of 2 marks. Storms have more power in winter (1) increasing the rate of erosion (1). The rate of erosion may be lower in summer (1) as storms are less frequent (1). Wind speeds tend to be higher in winter (1) increasing the rate of erosion (1). There are more storms at certain times during the year (1) giving waves more energy to erode (1). Accept any other appropriate response. (2) Question number Answer 2 (d) AO3 (4 marks) / AO4 (4 marks) AO3 • The coastline is discordant which means that there are alternating bands of more and less resistant rocks running perpendicular to the coastline. • These have helped create the headland shown on the map which consists of more resistant rock which is less easily eroded. • The beaches have been formed in areas where the waves have left energy and therefore sediment which is being transported is deposited. • The beach is located on the north side of the headland which could be sheltered by the headland. • Wave refraction may also have concentrated wave energy on the headland leaving the area with the beach as lower energy environment. • The arch in the photograph will have been formed where erosional processes (e.g. hydraulic action, solution or abrasion) attacked areas of the headland with more faults/ joints. • Over time the caves which formed on either side of the headland deepened and then joined together to form an arch. • There was also an arch which joined the stack to the headland but the roof of this arch would have collapsed, leading to the stack being separated from the headland. AO4 ● There is a headland which extends approximately 1.5km out to see. ● The end of the headland (The Foreland or Handfast Point) is located at approximately 057826. ● There is a beach along the northern side of the headland which stretches approximately 1.2km. ● This beach is a sand and shingle beach. ● Along the southern edge of the headland there are a set of cliffs (Ballard cliffs) shown by the contour lines being very close together. ● The landforms in the photo (including the arch and stack) are located at The Foreland/ Handfast Point). They are approximately 200m in length. ● There is a large block of chalk with an arch in it which is separated from another block of chalk. ● There is another block of chalk (stack) which is further out to sea and is also separated by a gap. Level Mark Descriptor 0 No rewardable material. Level 1 1–3 ● Attempts to apply understanding to deconstruct information but understanding and connections are flawed. An unbalanced or incomplete argument that provides limited synthesis of understanding. Judgements that are supported by limited evidence. (AO3) ● Uses some geographical skills to obtain information with limited relevance and accuracy, which supports few aspects of the argument. (AO4) Level 2 4–6 ● Applies understanding to deconstruct information and provide some logical connections between concepts. An unbalanced argument that synthesises mostly relevant understanding, but not entirely coherently, leading to judgements that are supported by evidence occasionally. (AO3) ● Uses geographical skills to obtain accurate information that supports some aspects of the argument. (AO4) Level 3 7–8 ● Applies understanding to deconstruct information and provide logical connections between concepts throughout. A balanced, well-developed argument that synthesises relevant understanding coherently leading to judgements that are supported by evidence throughout. (AO3) ● Uses geographical skills to obtain accurate information that supports all aspects of the argument. (AO4) Question number Answer Mark 3 (a) C – meander (1) The landform is a meander and is not a gorge (A), interlocking spur (B) or ox bow lake (D). (1) Question number Answer Mark 3 (b) Award 1 mark for the following, maximum of 1 mark. Sediment is transported/moved by being bounced/picked up and dropped (1). Accept any other appropriate response. (1) Question number Answer Mark 3 (c) Award 1 mark for a reason why sediment shape usually becomes more rounded downstream and a further 1 mark for extension through explanation, up to a maximum of 2 marks. Sediments are eroded (1) wearing away their edges (1). Sediment particles collide with each other (1) knocking the corners off (1). The edges of the sediment particles are worn away (1) by attrition (1). The sediment particles dissolve (1) through solution (1). Abrasion (1) leads to a sandpapering effect on the sediment (1). Accept any other appropriate response. (2) Question number Answer 3 (d) AO3 (4 marks) / AO4 (4 marks) AO3 ● The flooding was caused by a range of human and physical causes. ● Physical causes include the underlying geology which is clay. This is an impermeable rock which has lower rates of infiltration and percolation leading to more surface runoff. ● The heavy rain in the previous few weeks will have saturated the clay reducing infiltration and percolation rates still further. ● There was a heavy storm on 12th January which may have exceeded infiltration rates leading to rapid surface run-off. ● The river channel was unable to accommodate all this water and burst its banks. ● Several tributaries join in this area adding to the river discharge. ● The floodplain either side of the river is broad and flat and floodwater would have spread across it. ● Human causes include the impact of urban areas with lower rates of infiltration owing to impermeable surfaces. ● Drainage from buildings and other surfaces may also have been channelled into the river leading to a rapid rise in surface runoff. ● The weirs on the river/ its tributaries may have reduced flow, leading to flooding. AO4 ● There is evidence of large-scale flooding on the photograph with the surrounding flood plain being partially covered. ● There are houses and roads in the photograph which will have drainage and impermeable surfaces. ● The underlying rock type is clay which is an impermeable rock. ● The River Avon flows through a number of villages and towns before reaching Fordingbridge. ● There had been several weeks of heavy rainfall before the flood event and there was a large storm on the 12th January. ● The floodplain is between 1-1.5km wide at this location. ● The floodplain is very flat. ● This is shown by the widely spaced contours. ● There are a number of tributaries which join the main river including at 158162. ● There are two weirs shown on the map. Level Mark Descriptor 0 No rewardable material. Level 1 1–3 ● Attempts to apply understanding to deconstruct information but understanding and connections are flawed. An unbalanced or incomplete argument that provides limited synthesis of understanding. Judgements that are supported by limited evidence. (AO3) ● Uses some geographical skills to obtain information with limited relevance and accuracy, which supports few aspects of the argument. (AO4) Level 2 4–6 ● Applies understanding to deconstruct information and provide some logical connections between concepts. An unbalanced argument that synthesises mostly relevant understanding, but not entirely coherently, leading to judgements that are supported by evidence occasionally. (AO3) ● Uses geographical skills to obtain accurate information that supports some aspects of the argument. (AO4) Level 3 7–8 ● Applies understanding to deconstruct information and provide logical connections between concepts throughout. A balanced, well-developed argument that synthesises relevant understanding coherently leading to judgements that are supported by evidence throughout. (AO3) ● Uses geographical skills to obtain accurate information that supports all aspects of the argument. (AO4)