TEST BANK For Growth and Development Across the
Lifespan, 3rd Edition By Gloria Leifer; Eve Fleck
Typical behaviors that illustrate autonomy vs. shame/doubt - ANSWER:walking,
climbing, open, close, push, pull, drop, hold, wanting to do everything independently
Typical behaviors that illustrate trust vs. mistrust - ANSWER:Infants learn to trust
when their basic needs are met consistently and warmly. When needs are not
responded to consistently, an infant may develop a sense of distrust towards his/her
primary caregivers.
What effects do a lot of screen time have on children? - ANSWER:Its linked to a
lower activity level and being overweight from preschool through adolescence.
Animism - ANSWER:The belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are
capable of action.
Centration - ANSWER:A centering of attention on one characteristic to the exclusion
of all others.
Egocentrism - ANSWER:The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective
and someone else's perspective.
Conservation - ANSWER:The awareness that altering an object's or a substance's
appearance does not change its basic properties.
Scaffolding - ANSWER:Changing the level of support.
Theory of mind - ANSWER:Awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental
processes of others.
Behaviors that demonstrate a child in Symbolic Function Substage of the pre-
operational stage - ANSWER:Mentally representing an object that is not present,
stable concepts are formed, mental reasoning emerges, egocentrism is present,
magical beliefs are constructed.
Behaviors that demonstrate intuitive thought substage of the preoperational period
- ANSWER:Primitive reasoning, want answers to all sorts of questions, can't answer
'what if" in a reliable way.
Initiative vs Guilt - ANSWER:Erikson. During early childhood, children use their
perceptual, motor, cognitive, and language skills to make things happen. Failure to
do so may result in experiencing guilt.
, Evolutionary View of gender role acquisition - ANSWER:Adaptation during human
evolution. Males had to fight other males to mate, leading them to be more prone to
fighting and violence. Natural selection favored females that were good at parenting.
Social Role Theory of gender role acquisition - ANSWER:Gender differences result
from the contrasting roles of women and men. Women have less power than men.
Women perform domestic work, lower pay, les outside work.
Psychoanalytic Theory of gender role acquisition - ANSWER:Freuds view that the
preschool child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite sex parent until 5 or 6
years old. Then adopts same sex parents characteristics.
Social Cognitive Theory of gender role acquisition - ANSWER:Gender development
occurs through observing and imitating what other people say and do and through
being rewarded or punished for gender appropriate or inappropriate behavior.
Authoritative Parenting Style - ANSWER:Encourages independence, still has limits,
extensive verbal give and take. Warm nurturing parents.
Authoritarian Parenting Style - ANSWER:Restrictive, punitive. Parents exhort children
to follow directions. Firm limits and control. Little verbal exchange.
Indulgent Parenting Style - ANSWER:Parents highly involved. Few demands or
controls.
Neglectful Parenting Style - ANSWER:Parents uninvolved.
How does the SENSORIMOTOR dimension of play help children develop? -
ANSWER:Lets them derive pleasure from exercising their sensorimotor schemes,
exploratory and playful visual and motor transactions.
How does the PRACTICE dimension of play help children develop? -
ANSWER:Involves repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned and can
be engaged in through life.
How does the PRETENSE/SYMBOLIC dimension of play help children develop? -
ANSWER:When a child transforms physical environment into a symbol. (Pretending a
table is a car and fixing it)
How does the SOCIAL dimension of play help children develop? - ANSWER:Involves
interaction with peers - main context for young children's social interaction with
peers.
How are children in the concrete operational stage different from those in the
preoperational stage? - ANSWER:Children can perform concrete operations, can
reason logically as long as reasoning can be applied to specific or concrete examples.
Lifespan, 3rd Edition By Gloria Leifer; Eve Fleck
Typical behaviors that illustrate autonomy vs. shame/doubt - ANSWER:walking,
climbing, open, close, push, pull, drop, hold, wanting to do everything independently
Typical behaviors that illustrate trust vs. mistrust - ANSWER:Infants learn to trust
when their basic needs are met consistently and warmly. When needs are not
responded to consistently, an infant may develop a sense of distrust towards his/her
primary caregivers.
What effects do a lot of screen time have on children? - ANSWER:Its linked to a
lower activity level and being overweight from preschool through adolescence.
Animism - ANSWER:The belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are
capable of action.
Centration - ANSWER:A centering of attention on one characteristic to the exclusion
of all others.
Egocentrism - ANSWER:The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective
and someone else's perspective.
Conservation - ANSWER:The awareness that altering an object's or a substance's
appearance does not change its basic properties.
Scaffolding - ANSWER:Changing the level of support.
Theory of mind - ANSWER:Awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental
processes of others.
Behaviors that demonstrate a child in Symbolic Function Substage of the pre-
operational stage - ANSWER:Mentally representing an object that is not present,
stable concepts are formed, mental reasoning emerges, egocentrism is present,
magical beliefs are constructed.
Behaviors that demonstrate intuitive thought substage of the preoperational period
- ANSWER:Primitive reasoning, want answers to all sorts of questions, can't answer
'what if" in a reliable way.
Initiative vs Guilt - ANSWER:Erikson. During early childhood, children use their
perceptual, motor, cognitive, and language skills to make things happen. Failure to
do so may result in experiencing guilt.
, Evolutionary View of gender role acquisition - ANSWER:Adaptation during human
evolution. Males had to fight other males to mate, leading them to be more prone to
fighting and violence. Natural selection favored females that were good at parenting.
Social Role Theory of gender role acquisition - ANSWER:Gender differences result
from the contrasting roles of women and men. Women have less power than men.
Women perform domestic work, lower pay, les outside work.
Psychoanalytic Theory of gender role acquisition - ANSWER:Freuds view that the
preschool child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite sex parent until 5 or 6
years old. Then adopts same sex parents characteristics.
Social Cognitive Theory of gender role acquisition - ANSWER:Gender development
occurs through observing and imitating what other people say and do and through
being rewarded or punished for gender appropriate or inappropriate behavior.
Authoritative Parenting Style - ANSWER:Encourages independence, still has limits,
extensive verbal give and take. Warm nurturing parents.
Authoritarian Parenting Style - ANSWER:Restrictive, punitive. Parents exhort children
to follow directions. Firm limits and control. Little verbal exchange.
Indulgent Parenting Style - ANSWER:Parents highly involved. Few demands or
controls.
Neglectful Parenting Style - ANSWER:Parents uninvolved.
How does the SENSORIMOTOR dimension of play help children develop? -
ANSWER:Lets them derive pleasure from exercising their sensorimotor schemes,
exploratory and playful visual and motor transactions.
How does the PRACTICE dimension of play help children develop? -
ANSWER:Involves repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned and can
be engaged in through life.
How does the PRETENSE/SYMBOLIC dimension of play help children develop? -
ANSWER:When a child transforms physical environment into a symbol. (Pretending a
table is a car and fixing it)
How does the SOCIAL dimension of play help children develop? - ANSWER:Involves
interaction with peers - main context for young children's social interaction with
peers.
How are children in the concrete operational stage different from those in the
preoperational stage? - ANSWER:Children can perform concrete operations, can
reason logically as long as reasoning can be applied to specific or concrete examples.
