PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 PRACTICE
PROBLEMS WITH ANSWERS PROVIDED FOR
REVISION GUIDE
1. A patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the
removal of a lobe of his liver. Adaptation to the reduced size of
the liver leads to of the remaining liver cells.
A. Metaplasia
B. Organ atrophy
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Physiologic hyperplasia: C
2. An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of not
being able to do what he used to be able to. You know that
normal changes associated with aging include: (Select all that
apply.)
A. Improved blood flow
B. Slowed metabolic rate
C. Decreased brain weight
D. Improved nerve fiber conduction
E. Less respiratory capacity: B, C, E
3. A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus
medical clinic for a scheduled Pap smear. The clinician who will
interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence of:
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B. Presence of unexpected cell types
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 PRACTICE
PROBLEMS WITH ANSWERS PROVIDED FOR
REVISION GUIDE
C. Ischemic changes in cell sample
D. Abnormally high numbers of cells: A
4. The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their
daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing imported toy
figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which
of the following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
A. White blood cell levels with differential
B. Red blood cell levels and morphology
C. Urea and creatinine levels D. Liver function panel: B
Lead -> anemia, RBC lysis
You know it's not A because there is no infection involved. C is focused
on kidney function while D is focused on liver function. Both of these
would be important in the case of lead poisoning BUT the priority
answer is B, because you need first to address the most life-threatening
patient needs. The little girl in this question can go into shock or suffer
permanent organ damage if her RBCs are low.
5. A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has
developed signs of dry gangrene on the great toe of one foot.
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes most likely
contributed to this diagnosis?
A. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis
B. Bacterial invasion
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 PRACTICE
PROBLEMS WITH ANSWERS PROVIDED FOR
REVISION GUIDE
C. Impaired arterial blood supply
D. Metaplastic cellular changes: B
Remember that it's not C because to have gangrene, you must
have infection 6. Although stress exposure initiates integrated
responses by multiple systems, the most important changes
are first activated by which system?
A. Pulmonary
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Neuroendocrine
D. Cardiovascular: C
7. Which manifestation of stress reflects the non-specific fight or
flight response?
A. Decreased pupillary light response
B. Increased GI motility
C. Decreased short-term memory
D. Increased cardiopulmonary rates: D
This would fall under physiologic responses to stress!! Slide 25 in your
lecture powerpoint
8. Stress-induced cortisol hormone secretion is associated
with:
A. Increased growth hormone level
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 PRACTICE
PROBLEMS WITH ANSWERS PROVIDED FOR
REVISION GUIDE
B. Regulation of the stress response
C. Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone D. Depressed adrenal
gland function: B
You know it's not A because I mentioned in an earlier slide that growth
hormone levels decrease with stress. We didn't mention thyroid-
stimulating hormone as one of the ones associated with the stress
repsonse so you can pretty much assume that's not right. And we know
adrenal function is not depressed because ACTH from the anterior
pituitary stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol.
9. Which of the following factors are known to contribute to an
individual's ability to adapt to stress? (Select all that apply.)
A. Ethnicity
B. Age
C. Socioeconomic status
D. Gender
E. Health status: B, C, D, E
"Ability to adapt to stress" = mediating factors! Slide 28 of this
powerpoint
10. Two people experience the same stressor yet only one is able
to cope and adapt adequately. An example of the person with an
increased capacity to adapt is the one with:
A. A sense of purpose in life
PROBLEMS WITH ANSWERS PROVIDED FOR
REVISION GUIDE
1. A patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the
removal of a lobe of his liver. Adaptation to the reduced size of
the liver leads to of the remaining liver cells.
A. Metaplasia
B. Organ atrophy
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Physiologic hyperplasia: C
2. An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of not
being able to do what he used to be able to. You know that
normal changes associated with aging include: (Select all that
apply.)
A. Improved blood flow
B. Slowed metabolic rate
C. Decreased brain weight
D. Improved nerve fiber conduction
E. Less respiratory capacity: B, C, E
3. A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus
medical clinic for a scheduled Pap smear. The clinician who will
interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence of:
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B. Presence of unexpected cell types
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 PRACTICE
PROBLEMS WITH ANSWERS PROVIDED FOR
REVISION GUIDE
C. Ischemic changes in cell sample
D. Abnormally high numbers of cells: A
4. The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their
daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing imported toy
figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which
of the following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
A. White blood cell levels with differential
B. Red blood cell levels and morphology
C. Urea and creatinine levels D. Liver function panel: B
Lead -> anemia, RBC lysis
You know it's not A because there is no infection involved. C is focused
on kidney function while D is focused on liver function. Both of these
would be important in the case of lead poisoning BUT the priority
answer is B, because you need first to address the most life-threatening
patient needs. The little girl in this question can go into shock or suffer
permanent organ damage if her RBCs are low.
5. A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has
developed signs of dry gangrene on the great toe of one foot.
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes most likely
contributed to this diagnosis?
A. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis
B. Bacterial invasion
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 PRACTICE
PROBLEMS WITH ANSWERS PROVIDED FOR
REVISION GUIDE
C. Impaired arterial blood supply
D. Metaplastic cellular changes: B
Remember that it's not C because to have gangrene, you must
have infection 6. Although stress exposure initiates integrated
responses by multiple systems, the most important changes
are first activated by which system?
A. Pulmonary
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Neuroendocrine
D. Cardiovascular: C
7. Which manifestation of stress reflects the non-specific fight or
flight response?
A. Decreased pupillary light response
B. Increased GI motility
C. Decreased short-term memory
D. Increased cardiopulmonary rates: D
This would fall under physiologic responses to stress!! Slide 25 in your
lecture powerpoint
8. Stress-induced cortisol hormone secretion is associated
with:
A. Increased growth hormone level
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 PRACTICE
PROBLEMS WITH ANSWERS PROVIDED FOR
REVISION GUIDE
B. Regulation of the stress response
C. Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone D. Depressed adrenal
gland function: B
You know it's not A because I mentioned in an earlier slide that growth
hormone levels decrease with stress. We didn't mention thyroid-
stimulating hormone as one of the ones associated with the stress
repsonse so you can pretty much assume that's not right. And we know
adrenal function is not depressed because ACTH from the anterior
pituitary stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol.
9. Which of the following factors are known to contribute to an
individual's ability to adapt to stress? (Select all that apply.)
A. Ethnicity
B. Age
C. Socioeconomic status
D. Gender
E. Health status: B, C, D, E
"Ability to adapt to stress" = mediating factors! Slide 28 of this
powerpoint
10. Two people experience the same stressor yet only one is able
to cope and adapt adequately. An example of the person with an
increased capacity to adapt is the one with:
A. A sense of purpose in life
