PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM PROBLEMS WITH
ANSWERS PROVIDED. GUARANTEE A+ GRADE
RESULTS 2024
1. What is allergic asthma associated with? Type 1 Hypersensitivity;
lgE mediated
2. What is the S&S of ARDS? SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing,
Atelectasis (alveoli close), Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles,
Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung Compliance, Hypoxemia
3. What is the S&S of tension pneumothorax? Pressure that builds
up and pushes the trachea towards the unaffected side; Absent
breath sounds over affected lung
4. What is cystic fibrosis? Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and
pancreas; Genetic Disorder (Autosomal Recessive)
5. Changes with an asthma attack: Wheezing, SOB,
Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
6. How do you interpret ABG’s? 1 . Look at pH (acidosis - low or
alkalosis - high)
2. Check the C02 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more
than 45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HC03 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more
than 26 (alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
7. Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/C02?
Elevation (increase) of pC02 Decreased pH (acidosis)
8. Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/C02?
Depression (decrease) of pC02 Increased pH (alkalosis)
9. Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HC03? Depression
(decrease) of HC03 Decreased pH (acidosis)
10. Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HC03? Elevation
(increase) of HC03 Increased pH (alkalosis)
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM PROBLEMS WITH
ANSWERS PROVIDED. GUARANTEE A+ GRADE
RESULTS 2024
1 1. What are signs of renal cancer? No pain! Hematuria (Blood in
the Urine)
12. How do you manage end stage renal disease? Dialysis, Fluid
Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-
hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give
Iron Supplements/Blood Transfusion (anemic)
13. What do you call kidney pain? Nephralgia
14. What is the most helpful test to determine renal function?
Creatinine
15. What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis? E. coli
16. What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure?
Hypovolemia - Give Fluids
17. What causes acute intrarenal failure? Kidney Stones (renal
calculi), Renal Ischemia
18. What do we see associated with SIADH? Fluid Retention
(edema), Crackles in Lungs, Hypertension, Decreased Sodium
(diluted)
19. What causes myxedema coma? Hypothyroidism
20. What is the main underlying condition for Type I and Type Il
Diabetes? Impaired Glucose Transport
21. What is the difference between Type I and Type Il Diabetes? Type
I - Complete lack of insulin (Hyperglycemia)
Type Il - Insulin resistance on the cells
22. What would we see with hypoparathyroidism? Decrease of
Calcium (softer bones), Positive Chvostek's Sign,
Tetany/Hyperactivity of Muscles/Tremors
23. What is the therapy for Type I Diabetes? Give Insulin
ANSWERS PROVIDED. GUARANTEE A+ GRADE
RESULTS 2024
1. What is allergic asthma associated with? Type 1 Hypersensitivity;
lgE mediated
2. What is the S&S of ARDS? SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing,
Atelectasis (alveoli close), Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles,
Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung Compliance, Hypoxemia
3. What is the S&S of tension pneumothorax? Pressure that builds
up and pushes the trachea towards the unaffected side; Absent
breath sounds over affected lung
4. What is cystic fibrosis? Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and
pancreas; Genetic Disorder (Autosomal Recessive)
5. Changes with an asthma attack: Wheezing, SOB,
Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
6. How do you interpret ABG’s? 1 . Look at pH (acidosis - low or
alkalosis - high)
2. Check the C02 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more
than 45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HC03 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more
than 26 (alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
7. Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/C02?
Elevation (increase) of pC02 Decreased pH (acidosis)
8. Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/C02?
Depression (decrease) of pC02 Increased pH (alkalosis)
9. Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HC03? Depression
(decrease) of HC03 Decreased pH (acidosis)
10. Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HC03? Elevation
(increase) of HC03 Increased pH (alkalosis)
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM PROBLEMS WITH
ANSWERS PROVIDED. GUARANTEE A+ GRADE
RESULTS 2024
1 1. What are signs of renal cancer? No pain! Hematuria (Blood in
the Urine)
12. How do you manage end stage renal disease? Dialysis, Fluid
Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-
hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give
Iron Supplements/Blood Transfusion (anemic)
13. What do you call kidney pain? Nephralgia
14. What is the most helpful test to determine renal function?
Creatinine
15. What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis? E. coli
16. What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure?
Hypovolemia - Give Fluids
17. What causes acute intrarenal failure? Kidney Stones (renal
calculi), Renal Ischemia
18. What do we see associated with SIADH? Fluid Retention
(edema), Crackles in Lungs, Hypertension, Decreased Sodium
(diluted)
19. What causes myxedema coma? Hypothyroidism
20. What is the main underlying condition for Type I and Type Il
Diabetes? Impaired Glucose Transport
21. What is the difference between Type I and Type Il Diabetes? Type
I - Complete lack of insulin (Hyperglycemia)
Type Il - Insulin resistance on the cells
22. What would we see with hypoparathyroidism? Decrease of
Calcium (softer bones), Positive Chvostek's Sign,
Tetany/Hyperactivity of Muscles/Tremors
23. What is the therapy for Type I Diabetes? Give Insulin
