Understanding Anatomy and Physiology 3rd Edition by Gale Sloan Thompson

TEST BANK for Understanding Anatomy and Physiology 3rd
Edition by Gale Sloan Thompson
active transport - ANSWER:transport process in which solutes move form an area of
lesser to greater concentration; requires energy in the form of ATP

cilia - ANSWER:hair-like processes on the surface of the cell that propel materials
across the surface

Deoxyribonucleic (DNA) - ANSWER:large polymer of a nucleotide that carries the
genetic information of a cell

diffusion - ANSWER:a passive transport mechanism that involves the movement of
particles from an area of higher to lower concentration

endocytosis - ANSWER:form of vesicular transport that brings substances into the
cell

exocytosis - ANSWER:from of vesicular transport that releases substances out side of
the cell

Facilitated diffusion - ANSWER:Transport process in which water and dissolved
particles are forced across a membrane from an are of higher to lower pressure

golgi apparatus - ANSWER:post office of the cell
prepares proteins and packages them for export to other parts of the body

hydrostatic pressure - ANSWER:pressure exerted by water

hypertonic - ANSWER:pertain to a solution that contains a higher concentration of
solutes compared to the fluid within the cell

hypotonic - ANSWER:pertain to a solution that contains a lower concentration of
solutes compared to the fluid within the cell

isotonic - ANSWER:pertain to a solution in which the concentration of solutes in the
solution is the same as the concentration of solutes in the cell

microvilli - ANSWER:bladder intestines
fold of a cell membrane that greatly increase the surface area of a cell to facilitate
absorption

mitochondria - ANSWER:power plant
organelle that coverts organic compounds into ATP

, mitosis - ANSWER:type of cell division in which the mother cell splits in to two
identical daughter cells

nucleus - ANSWER:the most important part of the cell
the cells control center that contains a complete set of 46 chromosomes

organelles - ANSWER:gives the cell its shape
the structures within the cell that perform specific task in the cellular metabolism

osmosis - ANSWER:a passive transport mechanism involving the diffusion of water
from an area of greater concentration of eater to an area of lesser concentration of
water

osmotic pressure - ANSWER:water pressure that developed in a solution as a result
of osmosis

phagocytosis - ANSWER:process in which fluids and dissolved particles are trapped in
the plasma membrane and brought into the cell

plasma membrane - ANSWER:Fence keeping things in
the external boundary of the cell

polymer - ANSWER:large molecules consisting of many smaller molecules joined in
sequence

ribonucleic acid (RNA) - ANSWER:nucleotide that assist in protein synthesis

ribosomes - ANSWER:granules of protein and RNA scattered through the cytoplasm ;
some are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

nerve cells - ANSWER:long extension allow these cells to quickly transmit electrical
impulses from one part of the body to anther

muscle cells - ANSWER:elongated thread-like fibers can shorten to allow body parts
to move

red blood cells - ANSWER:concave shape allows these cells to bend and squeeze
through tiny blood vessels

gland cells - ANSWER:intracellular sacs store and release substances such as
hormones, enzymes, mucus and sweat

immune cells - ANSWER:these cells can recognize and destroy foreign invaders some
engulf or destroy foreign cells directly others manufacture antibodies.

phospholipids - ANSWER:have a head and a tail head are water loving and tails are
water fearing the are in a double layer