PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 1 AND 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR
EXAM PREPARATION AND REVISION GUIDE 2024 STUDY MATERIAL A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
1. Adaptive cellular mechanisms function to:
a. treat disease
b. protect cells from injury
c. prevent cellular aging
d. speed up cellular death: b. protects cells from injury
Adaptive cellular mechanisms help cells adjust to environmental
changes, thus protecting them from injury 2. Cellular atrophy
involves:
a. an increase in cell size
b. a decrease in cell size
c. an increase in the number of cells
d. a decrease in the number of cells: b. a decrease in the number
of cells. 3. An individual with damage to the spinal cord may
experience atrophy of which of the following organs?
a. liver
b. brain
c. skeletal muscles
d. skin: c. skeletal muscles
Lack of nerve stimulation to skeletal muscles results in muscle
atrophy.
4. The process of cellular atrophy may be accomplished through
which of the following processes?
a. loss of fluid
b. decreased cell division
,c. inhibition of enzyme formation
d. formation of autophagic vacuoles: d. formation of autophagic
vacuoles
Atrophy is accomplished through the production of enzymes in
autophagic vacuoles that digest cellular contents.
5. In compensatory hyperplasia, growth factors stimulate cell
division in response to:
a. tissue loss
b. decreased hormonal stimulation
c. ischemia
d. puberty: a. tissue loss
In response to tissue loss, surrounding cells are stimulated to replace
the lost tissue.
6. Pathologic hyperplasia can lead to:
a. neoplasia
b. dysplasia
c. metaplasia
d. all of the above.: d. all of the above
Pathologic hyperplasia can eventually lead to metaplasia, dysplasia,
and neoplasia.
7. In response to an increased workload, such as that caused by
high blood pressure (hypertension), myocardial cells in the left
ventricle will adapt through the process of:
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
,c. hyperplasia
d. dysplasia: b. hyperplasia
In response to the increased workload of hypertension, myocardial cells
will hypertrophy in order to pump harder.
8. The process of muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in:
a. cell division
b. water accumulation
c. protein synthesis
d. plasma membrane thickness: c. protein synthesis
The process of muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in protein
synthesis to produce larger, stronger muscle cells.
9. Chronic infection of the cervix by the human papillomavirus
results in cervical:
a. atrophy
b. dysplasia
c. metaplasia
d. hormonal hyperplasia: b. dysplasia
Chronic infection or inflammation is a common cause of cervical
dysplasia.
10. Metaplasia involves the replacement of normal cells by:
a. another type of cell
b. abnormal cells of the same tissue type
c. scar tissue
d. cancer cells: a. another type of cell
, Metaplasia is the replacement of normal cells by another type of cell.
1 1. Metaplasia occurs in response to:
a. increased workload
b. growth factor secretion
c. cell injury from noxious stimuli
d. viral infection: c. cell injury from noxious stimuli
Metaplasia occurs in response to repetitive exposure to noxious
stimuli.
12. Atypical hyperplasia (dysplasia) is characterized by
abnormal changes in all of the following except:
a. cell size
b. cell shape
c. cell organization
d. cell secretions: d. cell secretions
When pathologic hyperplasia is complicated by cells of abnormal
size, shape, or organization, it is referred to as atypical
hyperplasia, or dysplasia. Eli secretions are not altered in this
cellular change.
13. Which of the following is a form of metaplasia that can occur
in the human body?
a. Epithelial cells of the bronchial lining are replaced with
collagenous connective tissue.
b. Squamous epithelial cells of the esophageal lining are replaced
by glandular cells similar to those lining the stomach.
c. Liver cells are replaced by squamous epithelial cells.
EXAM PREPARATION AND REVISION GUIDE 2024 STUDY MATERIAL A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
1. Adaptive cellular mechanisms function to:
a. treat disease
b. protect cells from injury
c. prevent cellular aging
d. speed up cellular death: b. protects cells from injury
Adaptive cellular mechanisms help cells adjust to environmental
changes, thus protecting them from injury 2. Cellular atrophy
involves:
a. an increase in cell size
b. a decrease in cell size
c. an increase in the number of cells
d. a decrease in the number of cells: b. a decrease in the number
of cells. 3. An individual with damage to the spinal cord may
experience atrophy of which of the following organs?
a. liver
b. brain
c. skeletal muscles
d. skin: c. skeletal muscles
Lack of nerve stimulation to skeletal muscles results in muscle
atrophy.
4. The process of cellular atrophy may be accomplished through
which of the following processes?
a. loss of fluid
b. decreased cell division
,c. inhibition of enzyme formation
d. formation of autophagic vacuoles: d. formation of autophagic
vacuoles
Atrophy is accomplished through the production of enzymes in
autophagic vacuoles that digest cellular contents.
5. In compensatory hyperplasia, growth factors stimulate cell
division in response to:
a. tissue loss
b. decreased hormonal stimulation
c. ischemia
d. puberty: a. tissue loss
In response to tissue loss, surrounding cells are stimulated to replace
the lost tissue.
6. Pathologic hyperplasia can lead to:
a. neoplasia
b. dysplasia
c. metaplasia
d. all of the above.: d. all of the above
Pathologic hyperplasia can eventually lead to metaplasia, dysplasia,
and neoplasia.
7. In response to an increased workload, such as that caused by
high blood pressure (hypertension), myocardial cells in the left
ventricle will adapt through the process of:
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
,c. hyperplasia
d. dysplasia: b. hyperplasia
In response to the increased workload of hypertension, myocardial cells
will hypertrophy in order to pump harder.
8. The process of muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in:
a. cell division
b. water accumulation
c. protein synthesis
d. plasma membrane thickness: c. protein synthesis
The process of muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in protein
synthesis to produce larger, stronger muscle cells.
9. Chronic infection of the cervix by the human papillomavirus
results in cervical:
a. atrophy
b. dysplasia
c. metaplasia
d. hormonal hyperplasia: b. dysplasia
Chronic infection or inflammation is a common cause of cervical
dysplasia.
10. Metaplasia involves the replacement of normal cells by:
a. another type of cell
b. abnormal cells of the same tissue type
c. scar tissue
d. cancer cells: a. another type of cell
, Metaplasia is the replacement of normal cells by another type of cell.
1 1. Metaplasia occurs in response to:
a. increased workload
b. growth factor secretion
c. cell injury from noxious stimuli
d. viral infection: c. cell injury from noxious stimuli
Metaplasia occurs in response to repetitive exposure to noxious
stimuli.
12. Atypical hyperplasia (dysplasia) is characterized by
abnormal changes in all of the following except:
a. cell size
b. cell shape
c. cell organization
d. cell secretions: d. cell secretions
When pathologic hyperplasia is complicated by cells of abnormal
size, shape, or organization, it is referred to as atypical
hyperplasia, or dysplasia. Eli secretions are not altered in this
cellular change.
13. Which of the following is a form of metaplasia that can occur
in the human body?
a. Epithelial cells of the bronchial lining are replaced with
collagenous connective tissue.
b. Squamous epithelial cells of the esophageal lining are replaced
by glandular cells similar to those lining the stomach.
c. Liver cells are replaced by squamous epithelial cells.
