PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE, 2024/2025 UPDATE
1. Which of the following dietary guidelines should a nurse
provide to a group of older adults to possibly decrease their risks
of developing colon cancer? Selected Answer:
Answers:
A. "Try to minimize fat and maximize fiber when you're planning
your meals." B. "As much as possible, try to eat organic foods."
C. "Eat enough fiber in your diet that you have bowel
movement at least once daily."
D. "Regular vitamin supplements and a low-carbohydrate diet
are beneficial.": CorrectA: "Try to minimize fat and maximize
fiber when you're planning your meals."
A low-fat, high-fiber diet is thought to provide some protection from
colon cancer. Organic foods, vitamin supplements, and avoidance of
large amounts of complex carbohydrates may be components of a
healthy diet, but their relationship to the risk of colon cancer is not
noted.
2. An 84-year-old client's blood cultures have come back positive,
despite the fact that his oral temperature has remained within
normal range. Which of the following phenomena underlies the
alterations in fever response that occur in the elderly?
Answers:
A. Disturbance in the functioning of the thermoregulatory center
B. Persistent closure of arteriovenous shunts
C. Increased heat loss by evaporation
D. The presence of comorbidities that is associated with lowered
core temperature: CorrectA: Disturbance in the functioning of
the thermoregulatory center
, The probable mechanisms for the blunted fever response in older adults
include a disturbance in sensing of temperature by the thermoregulatory
center in the hypothalamus. Heat loss by evaporation tends to decrease
with age, and the closure of AV shunts results in increased core
temperature. The presence of comorbidities is not noted to contribute to
reduced fever response in older adults.
3. Which of the following clients is most likely to experience
impaired wound healing?
Answers:
A. A client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and a history of
poor blood sugar control
B. A client with persistent hypertension who takes a
2
adrenergic blocker and a potassium-wasting diuretic daily
C. A client who takes nebulized bronchodilators several times
daily to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
D. A child whose severe cleft lip and palate have required a
series of surgeries over several months: CorrectA: A client with a
diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and a history of poor blood sugar
control
Diabetes mellitus is a significant barrier to wound healing. Serial
surgeries, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
hypertension, and related medications are not directly linked to
impaired wound healing.
4. A client presents for a scheduled Papanicolaou (Pap) smear.
The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell
samples for evidence of:
Answers:
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
STUDY GUIDE, 2024/2025 UPDATE
1. Which of the following dietary guidelines should a nurse
provide to a group of older adults to possibly decrease their risks
of developing colon cancer? Selected Answer:
Answers:
A. "Try to minimize fat and maximize fiber when you're planning
your meals." B. "As much as possible, try to eat organic foods."
C. "Eat enough fiber in your diet that you have bowel
movement at least once daily."
D. "Regular vitamin supplements and a low-carbohydrate diet
are beneficial.": CorrectA: "Try to minimize fat and maximize
fiber when you're planning your meals."
A low-fat, high-fiber diet is thought to provide some protection from
colon cancer. Organic foods, vitamin supplements, and avoidance of
large amounts of complex carbohydrates may be components of a
healthy diet, but their relationship to the risk of colon cancer is not
noted.
2. An 84-year-old client's blood cultures have come back positive,
despite the fact that his oral temperature has remained within
normal range. Which of the following phenomena underlies the
alterations in fever response that occur in the elderly?
Answers:
A. Disturbance in the functioning of the thermoregulatory center
B. Persistent closure of arteriovenous shunts
C. Increased heat loss by evaporation
D. The presence of comorbidities that is associated with lowered
core temperature: CorrectA: Disturbance in the functioning of
the thermoregulatory center
, The probable mechanisms for the blunted fever response in older adults
include a disturbance in sensing of temperature by the thermoregulatory
center in the hypothalamus. Heat loss by evaporation tends to decrease
with age, and the closure of AV shunts results in increased core
temperature. The presence of comorbidities is not noted to contribute to
reduced fever response in older adults.
3. Which of the following clients is most likely to experience
impaired wound healing?
Answers:
A. A client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and a history of
poor blood sugar control
B. A client with persistent hypertension who takes a
2
adrenergic blocker and a potassium-wasting diuretic daily
C. A client who takes nebulized bronchodilators several times
daily to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
D. A child whose severe cleft lip and palate have required a
series of surgeries over several months: CorrectA: A client with a
diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and a history of poor blood sugar
control
Diabetes mellitus is a significant barrier to wound healing. Serial
surgeries, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
hypertension, and related medications are not directly linked to
impaired wound healing.
4. A client presents for a scheduled Papanicolaou (Pap) smear.
The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell
samples for evidence of:
Answers:
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
