TEST BANK For Essentials of Pediatric Nursing 4th Edition By
Kyle Carman
An 8-year-old girl presents to the clinic for moodiness and irritability. The child has
begun to develop breasts and pubic hair and the parents are concerned that the
child is at too early an age for this to begin. The nurse knows that these symptoms
may be indicative of what disorder? - ANSWER:precocious puberty
Explanation:
Precocious puberty occurs when the child's sexual characterisitics begin to develop
before the normal age of puberty. Appropriate treatment can halt, and sometimes
even reverse, sexual development and can stop the rapid growth that results in
severe short adult stature caused by premature closure of the epiphysis. Treatment
for precocious puberty allows the child to achieve the maximum growth potential
possible. Mental development in children with precocious puberty is normal, and
developmental milestones are not affected. The behavior may change to that of a
typical adolescent. Girls may have episodes of moodiness and irritability, whereas
boys may become more aggressive. Psuedopuberty occurs when there is only partial
development after testosterone is secreted. It occurs in males. Adrenal hyperplasia is
an inherited disorder and it affects the production of androgen. Neurofibromatosis is
a genetic disorder of the nervous system where tumors grow on the nerves.
A 12-year-old is being seen in the office and has hyperthyroidism; the nurse knows
that the most common cause of hyperthyroidism is: - ANSWER:Graves disease
Explanation:
Hyperthyroidism occurs less often in children than hypothyroidism. Graves' disease,
the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children, occurs in 1 in 5,000 children
between 11 and 15 years of age. Hyperthyroidism occurs more often in females, and
the peak incidence occurs during adolescence.
Kate and her parents are being seen in the office after discharge from the hospital
with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Which statement by the nurse is true? -
ANSWER:"Kids can usually be managed with an oral agent, meal planning, and
exercise."
Explanation:
Treating type 2 diabetes in children may require insulin at the outset if the child is
acidotic and acutely ill. More commonly, the child can be managed initially with oral
agents, meal planning, and increasing activity. Telling the child that she is lucky she
did not have to learn how to give a shot might scare her so it will inhibit her from
seeking future health care. The condition will not rectify itself if all orders are
followed. A weight-loss program might need to be implemented but that is not
always the case.
, The nurse is interviewing the caregivers of a child admitted with a diagnosis of type 1
diabetes mellitus. The caregiver states, "She is hungry all the time and eats
everything, but she is losing weight." The caregiver's statement indicates the child
most likely has: - ANSWER:Polyphagia
Explanation:
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus include polyphagia (increased hunger and food
consumption), polyuria (dramatic increase in urinary output, probably with enuresis)
and polydipsia (increased thirst). Pica is eating nonfood substances.
The nurse is caring for a 10-year-old child with growth hormone (GH) deficiency.
Which therapy would you anticipate will be prescribed for the child? -
ANSWER:Injections of GH
Explanation:
Growth hormone (GH) deficiency occurs when the anterior pituitary is unable to
produce enough hormone for usual growth. Somatotrophin is the name of the
growth hormone administered. Administering subcutaneous GH to the child helps
correct this deficiency. The GH dosage is 0.2 to 0.3mg/kg given daily. It is not
administered orally. Aldosterone causes sodium to be retained and a provocation
would be the administration of diuretics to reduce the sodium. Beta cells are found
in the heart muscles, smooth muscles, airways, and arteries. They are also found in
the pancreas to secrete insulin. None of these cell actions are related to the anterior
pituary.
A newborn was diagnosed as having hypothyroidism at birth. The parent asks the
nurse how the disease could be discovered this early. Which is the nurse's best
answer? - ANSWER:A simple blood test to diagnose hypothyroidism is required in
most states.
Explanation:
With hypothyroidism there is an insufficent production of the thyroid hormones
required to meet the body's metabolic as well as growth and developmental needs.
Without these hormones cognitive impairment occurs. Hypothyroidism is diagnosed
by a newborn screening procedure. This screening procedure is required by most
states. With early diagnosis the condition can be treated by replacing the missing
hormones. The later the diagnosis is made, the more irreversable cognitive
impairment becomes. At birth a newborn with hypothyroidism will be a poor feeder.
Other symptoms, such as lethargy and hypotonicity, become evident after the first
month of life. There are not other outward manifestations, such as rashes or
appearances, that can be seen. These are not part of the condition.
A 7-year-old child is diagnosed as having type 1 diabetes. What is one of the first
symptoms usually noticed by parents when this illness develops? - ANSWER:loss of
weight
Explanation:
Kyle Carman
An 8-year-old girl presents to the clinic for moodiness and irritability. The child has
begun to develop breasts and pubic hair and the parents are concerned that the
child is at too early an age for this to begin. The nurse knows that these symptoms
may be indicative of what disorder? - ANSWER:precocious puberty
Explanation:
Precocious puberty occurs when the child's sexual characterisitics begin to develop
before the normal age of puberty. Appropriate treatment can halt, and sometimes
even reverse, sexual development and can stop the rapid growth that results in
severe short adult stature caused by premature closure of the epiphysis. Treatment
for precocious puberty allows the child to achieve the maximum growth potential
possible. Mental development in children with precocious puberty is normal, and
developmental milestones are not affected. The behavior may change to that of a
typical adolescent. Girls may have episodes of moodiness and irritability, whereas
boys may become more aggressive. Psuedopuberty occurs when there is only partial
development after testosterone is secreted. It occurs in males. Adrenal hyperplasia is
an inherited disorder and it affects the production of androgen. Neurofibromatosis is
a genetic disorder of the nervous system where tumors grow on the nerves.
A 12-year-old is being seen in the office and has hyperthyroidism; the nurse knows
that the most common cause of hyperthyroidism is: - ANSWER:Graves disease
Explanation:
Hyperthyroidism occurs less often in children than hypothyroidism. Graves' disease,
the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children, occurs in 1 in 5,000 children
between 11 and 15 years of age. Hyperthyroidism occurs more often in females, and
the peak incidence occurs during adolescence.
Kate and her parents are being seen in the office after discharge from the hospital
with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Which statement by the nurse is true? -
ANSWER:"Kids can usually be managed with an oral agent, meal planning, and
exercise."
Explanation:
Treating type 2 diabetes in children may require insulin at the outset if the child is
acidotic and acutely ill. More commonly, the child can be managed initially with oral
agents, meal planning, and increasing activity. Telling the child that she is lucky she
did not have to learn how to give a shot might scare her so it will inhibit her from
seeking future health care. The condition will not rectify itself if all orders are
followed. A weight-loss program might need to be implemented but that is not
always the case.
, The nurse is interviewing the caregivers of a child admitted with a diagnosis of type 1
diabetes mellitus. The caregiver states, "She is hungry all the time and eats
everything, but she is losing weight." The caregiver's statement indicates the child
most likely has: - ANSWER:Polyphagia
Explanation:
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus include polyphagia (increased hunger and food
consumption), polyuria (dramatic increase in urinary output, probably with enuresis)
and polydipsia (increased thirst). Pica is eating nonfood substances.
The nurse is caring for a 10-year-old child with growth hormone (GH) deficiency.
Which therapy would you anticipate will be prescribed for the child? -
ANSWER:Injections of GH
Explanation:
Growth hormone (GH) deficiency occurs when the anterior pituitary is unable to
produce enough hormone for usual growth. Somatotrophin is the name of the
growth hormone administered. Administering subcutaneous GH to the child helps
correct this deficiency. The GH dosage is 0.2 to 0.3mg/kg given daily. It is not
administered orally. Aldosterone causes sodium to be retained and a provocation
would be the administration of diuretics to reduce the sodium. Beta cells are found
in the heart muscles, smooth muscles, airways, and arteries. They are also found in
the pancreas to secrete insulin. None of these cell actions are related to the anterior
pituary.
A newborn was diagnosed as having hypothyroidism at birth. The parent asks the
nurse how the disease could be discovered this early. Which is the nurse's best
answer? - ANSWER:A simple blood test to diagnose hypothyroidism is required in
most states.
Explanation:
With hypothyroidism there is an insufficent production of the thyroid hormones
required to meet the body's metabolic as well as growth and developmental needs.
Without these hormones cognitive impairment occurs. Hypothyroidism is diagnosed
by a newborn screening procedure. This screening procedure is required by most
states. With early diagnosis the condition can be treated by replacing the missing
hormones. The later the diagnosis is made, the more irreversable cognitive
impairment becomes. At birth a newborn with hypothyroidism will be a poor feeder.
Other symptoms, such as lethargy and hypotonicity, become evident after the first
month of life. There are not other outward manifestations, such as rashes or
appearances, that can be seen. These are not part of the condition.
A 7-year-old child is diagnosed as having type 1 diabetes. What is one of the first
symptoms usually noticed by parents when this illness develops? - ANSWER:loss of
weight
Explanation:
