TEST BANK For Kalat, Biological Psychology 13th
Edition Verified Chapters 1 - 14, Complete Newest
Version
Biological Psychology - ANSWER:- Understanding psychology by examining
physiological, anatomical and genetic processes
Neuropsychology - ANSWER:- Understanding how the brain and nervous system
impact on cognition and behaviour
- Looks at when there has been damage to the brain (injury, surgery, disease, stroke,
and tumours)
Cognitive Neuroscience - ANSWER:- Understanding how complex mental
phenomena (perception, memory, language, emotion) are implemented in the brain
- Using technological advancements (fMRI, EEG, brain stimulation using TMS,
anechoic chambers, eye trackers, cranial psychometric testing) to study the
relationship between brain activity and cognition in humans, other animals, and
robotics
Nervous System Division - ANSWER:- Central Nervous System
- Peripheral Nervous System
Central Nervous System Components - ANSWER:- Brain
- Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System Components - ANSWER:- All other nerves
Peripheral Nervous System Pathways - ANSWER:- Motor Pathway- CNS to brain
- Sensory Pathway- sensory information to brain
Protection of the Brain - ANSWER:- Skull
- Meninges
- Cerebrospinal fluid
- Blood-brain barrier
Protection of the Spinal Cord - ANSWER:- Vertical Column
Three Main Structures in the Brain - ANSWER:- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Brain Stem- midbrain/ mesencephalon, and pons, medulla in hindbrain/
rhombencephalon
Contralateral - ANSWER:On the opposite side of the body
Ipsilateral - ANSWER:On the same side of the body
,How much of the blood from the heart go to the brain? - ANSWER:20%
What occurs in no blood goes to the brain? - ANSWER:You become unconscious
Causes of stroke - ANSWER:- Brain bleeding
- Blockage to brain
Brain cells not receiving oxygen so cells die
Anatomical Directions - ANSWER:- Dorsal/ Superior- Top of brain (dorsal fin on top)
- Inferior/ Ventral- Bottom of brain
- Anterior/ Rostral- Front of brain (beak, nostral)
- Posterior/ Caudal- Bottom of brain (tail)
- Medial- Towards middle
- Lateral- Towards side
Dorsal/ Superior - ANSWER:- Top of brain
Inferior/ Ventral - ANSWER:- Bottom of brain
Anterior/ Rostral - ANSWER:- Front of brain
Posterior/ Caudal - ANSWER:- Back of brain
Medial - ANSWER:- Towards the midline
Lateral - ANSWER:- Away from the midline
3 Planes of View - ANSWER:- Frontal/ Coronal- slice from forehead
- Sagittal- slice from side
- Horizontal- slice from ground
Frontal/ Coronal Plane - ANSWER:Section parallel to forehead
Sagittal Plane - ANSWER:Section separating left and right
Horizontal Plane - ANSWER:Section parallel to the horizon
Types of Matter - ANSWER:- Grey matter- contains cell bodies and dendrites e.g.
cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus
- White matter- contains myelinated axons e.g. corpus callosum
Grey Matter Composition - ANSWER:- Cell bodies
- Dendrites
Structures made up of Grey Matter - ANSWER:- Cortex
- Basal ganglia
,- Thalamus
White Matter Composition - ANSWER:Myelinated axons
Structure made up of White Matter - ANSWER:Corpus Callosum
Corpus Callosum Structure - ANSWER:Fibre bundle
Corpus Callosum Function - ANSWER:Commissure, connects right and left
hemisphere
Meninges Structure - ANSWER:3 layers of tissue:
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid membrane
- Pia mater
Meninges Function - ANSWER:Protect the brain and spinal cord
Cerebrospinal Fluid Structure and Location - ANSWER:Clear liquid in between
meninges layers arachnoid membrane and pia mater
Cerebrospinal Fluid Function - ANSWER:- Shock absorbency
- Buoyancy- reduce the weight of the brain
Brain Ventricular System Component - ANSWER:- Choroid plexus
- Cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities
- Cerebral aqueduct
Choroid plexus Location - ANSWER:Ventricles of the brain
Ventricular System's Choroid plexus Function - ANSWER:Membrane that produces
cerebrospinal fluid by filtering blood
Number of Ventricles in the brain - ANSWER:4
Cerebral aqueduct Function - ANSWER:Connects ventricles in the brain
Production of Cerebrospinal fluid Process - ANSWER:Filtration of blood by Choroid
plexus
Ventricular System's Cerebral aqueduct Function - ANSWER:Exchange materials-
nutrients from blood supply and removing waste products to blood supply
Blood-Brain Barrier Structure - ANSWER:Semi-permeable barrier
- Lipid soluble materials can be transported
- Large molecules need to be actively transported
, Blood-Brain Barrier Function - ANSWER:- Maintain stable environment
- Protect from dangerous chemicals
Cerebral Cortex Location - ANSWER:Outer surface of Cerebrum
Sulci - ANSWER:Clefts, cracks, grooves
Fissure - ANSWER:Major groove
Gyri - ANSWER:Folds, bulges
Four Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex - ANSWER:- Frontal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Temporal
Frontal Lobe Location - ANSWER:- Anterior of cortex
- Rostral to parietal lobe
- Dorsal to temporal lobe,
- Divided from parietal lobe by central sulcus
Frontal Lobe Function - ANSWER:- Motor
- Cognition
Central Sulcus Purpose - ANSWER:Divides parietal lobe and frontal lobe
Parietal Lobe Location - ANSWER:- Caudal to frontal lobe
- Dorsal to temporal lobe
Parietal Lobe Function - ANSWER:Somatosensory
Occipital Lobe Location - ANSWER:- Caudal to parietal and temporal lobe
Occipital Lobe Function - ANSWER:Vision
Temporal Lobe Location - ANSWER:- Rostral to occipital lobe
- Ventral to parietal and frontal lobes
Temporal Lobe Function - ANSWER:- Hearing
- Vision
- Cognition
- Emotion
Precentral Gyrus Location - ANSWER:Frontal lobe, anterior to central sulcus
Postcentral Gyrus Location - ANSWER:Parietal lobe, posterior to central sulcus
Edition Verified Chapters 1 - 14, Complete Newest
Version
Biological Psychology - ANSWER:- Understanding psychology by examining
physiological, anatomical and genetic processes
Neuropsychology - ANSWER:- Understanding how the brain and nervous system
impact on cognition and behaviour
- Looks at when there has been damage to the brain (injury, surgery, disease, stroke,
and tumours)
Cognitive Neuroscience - ANSWER:- Understanding how complex mental
phenomena (perception, memory, language, emotion) are implemented in the brain
- Using technological advancements (fMRI, EEG, brain stimulation using TMS,
anechoic chambers, eye trackers, cranial psychometric testing) to study the
relationship between brain activity and cognition in humans, other animals, and
robotics
Nervous System Division - ANSWER:- Central Nervous System
- Peripheral Nervous System
Central Nervous System Components - ANSWER:- Brain
- Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System Components - ANSWER:- All other nerves
Peripheral Nervous System Pathways - ANSWER:- Motor Pathway- CNS to brain
- Sensory Pathway- sensory information to brain
Protection of the Brain - ANSWER:- Skull
- Meninges
- Cerebrospinal fluid
- Blood-brain barrier
Protection of the Spinal Cord - ANSWER:- Vertical Column
Three Main Structures in the Brain - ANSWER:- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Brain Stem- midbrain/ mesencephalon, and pons, medulla in hindbrain/
rhombencephalon
Contralateral - ANSWER:On the opposite side of the body
Ipsilateral - ANSWER:On the same side of the body
,How much of the blood from the heart go to the brain? - ANSWER:20%
What occurs in no blood goes to the brain? - ANSWER:You become unconscious
Causes of stroke - ANSWER:- Brain bleeding
- Blockage to brain
Brain cells not receiving oxygen so cells die
Anatomical Directions - ANSWER:- Dorsal/ Superior- Top of brain (dorsal fin on top)
- Inferior/ Ventral- Bottom of brain
- Anterior/ Rostral- Front of brain (beak, nostral)
- Posterior/ Caudal- Bottom of brain (tail)
- Medial- Towards middle
- Lateral- Towards side
Dorsal/ Superior - ANSWER:- Top of brain
Inferior/ Ventral - ANSWER:- Bottom of brain
Anterior/ Rostral - ANSWER:- Front of brain
Posterior/ Caudal - ANSWER:- Back of brain
Medial - ANSWER:- Towards the midline
Lateral - ANSWER:- Away from the midline
3 Planes of View - ANSWER:- Frontal/ Coronal- slice from forehead
- Sagittal- slice from side
- Horizontal- slice from ground
Frontal/ Coronal Plane - ANSWER:Section parallel to forehead
Sagittal Plane - ANSWER:Section separating left and right
Horizontal Plane - ANSWER:Section parallel to the horizon
Types of Matter - ANSWER:- Grey matter- contains cell bodies and dendrites e.g.
cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus
- White matter- contains myelinated axons e.g. corpus callosum
Grey Matter Composition - ANSWER:- Cell bodies
- Dendrites
Structures made up of Grey Matter - ANSWER:- Cortex
- Basal ganglia
,- Thalamus
White Matter Composition - ANSWER:Myelinated axons
Structure made up of White Matter - ANSWER:Corpus Callosum
Corpus Callosum Structure - ANSWER:Fibre bundle
Corpus Callosum Function - ANSWER:Commissure, connects right and left
hemisphere
Meninges Structure - ANSWER:3 layers of tissue:
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid membrane
- Pia mater
Meninges Function - ANSWER:Protect the brain and spinal cord
Cerebrospinal Fluid Structure and Location - ANSWER:Clear liquid in between
meninges layers arachnoid membrane and pia mater
Cerebrospinal Fluid Function - ANSWER:- Shock absorbency
- Buoyancy- reduce the weight of the brain
Brain Ventricular System Component - ANSWER:- Choroid plexus
- Cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities
- Cerebral aqueduct
Choroid plexus Location - ANSWER:Ventricles of the brain
Ventricular System's Choroid plexus Function - ANSWER:Membrane that produces
cerebrospinal fluid by filtering blood
Number of Ventricles in the brain - ANSWER:4
Cerebral aqueduct Function - ANSWER:Connects ventricles in the brain
Production of Cerebrospinal fluid Process - ANSWER:Filtration of blood by Choroid
plexus
Ventricular System's Cerebral aqueduct Function - ANSWER:Exchange materials-
nutrients from blood supply and removing waste products to blood supply
Blood-Brain Barrier Structure - ANSWER:Semi-permeable barrier
- Lipid soluble materials can be transported
- Large molecules need to be actively transported
, Blood-Brain Barrier Function - ANSWER:- Maintain stable environment
- Protect from dangerous chemicals
Cerebral Cortex Location - ANSWER:Outer surface of Cerebrum
Sulci - ANSWER:Clefts, cracks, grooves
Fissure - ANSWER:Major groove
Gyri - ANSWER:Folds, bulges
Four Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex - ANSWER:- Frontal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Temporal
Frontal Lobe Location - ANSWER:- Anterior of cortex
- Rostral to parietal lobe
- Dorsal to temporal lobe,
- Divided from parietal lobe by central sulcus
Frontal Lobe Function - ANSWER:- Motor
- Cognition
Central Sulcus Purpose - ANSWER:Divides parietal lobe and frontal lobe
Parietal Lobe Location - ANSWER:- Caudal to frontal lobe
- Dorsal to temporal lobe
Parietal Lobe Function - ANSWER:Somatosensory
Occipital Lobe Location - ANSWER:- Caudal to parietal and temporal lobe
Occipital Lobe Function - ANSWER:Vision
Temporal Lobe Location - ANSWER:- Rostral to occipital lobe
- Ventral to parietal and frontal lobes
Temporal Lobe Function - ANSWER:- Hearing
- Vision
- Cognition
- Emotion
Precentral Gyrus Location - ANSWER:Frontal lobe, anterior to central sulcus
Postcentral Gyrus Location - ANSWER:Parietal lobe, posterior to central sulcus
