CHAPTER 32; THE TODDLER AND FAMILY PERRY; MATERNAL CHILD NURSING, 6TH EDITION EXAM WITH LATEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY RATED A+

CHAPTER 32; THE TODDLER AND FAMILY PERRY; MATERNAL CHILD NURSING, 6TH EDITION EXAM WITH LATEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY RATED A+ 1. Which factor is most important in predisposing toddlers to frequent infections such as otitis media, tonsillitis, and upper respiratory tract infections? a. Respirations are abdominal. b. Pulse and respiratory rates are slower than those in infancy. c. Defense mechanisms are less efficient than those during infancy. d. The presence of short, straight internal ear/throat structures and large tonsil/adenoid lymph tissue. - ANS-ANS: D Toddlers continue to have the short, straight internal ear canal of infants. The lymphoid tissue of the tonsils and adenoids continues to be relatively large. These two anatomic conditions combine to predispose the toddler to frequent infections. The abdominal respirations and lowered pulse and respiratory rate of toddlers do not affect their susceptibility to infection. The defense mechanisms are more efficient compared with those of infancy. 2. What are the psychosocial developmental tasks of toddlerhood? a. Development of a conscience. b. Recognition of sex differences. c. Ability to get along with age mates. d. Ability to withstand delayed gratification. - ANS-ANS: D If the need for basic trust has been satisfied, toddlers can give up dependence for control, independence, and autonomy. One of the tasks that the toddler is concerned with is the ability to withstand delayed gratification. Development of a conscience occurs during the preschool years. The recognition of sex differences occurs during the preschool years. The ability to get along with age mates develops during the preschool and school-age years. 3. A parent of an 18 month old tells the nurse that the child says "no" to everything and has rapid mood swings. If scolded, the child shows anger and then immediately wants to be held. What is the nurse's best interpretation of this behavior? a. This is normal behavior for the child's age. b. This is unusual behavior for the child's age. c. The child is not effectively coping with stress. d. The child is showing the need for more attention. - ANS-ANS: A Toddlers use distinct behaviors in the quest for autonomy. They express their will with continued negativity and the use of the word "no." Children at this age also have rapid mood swings. The nurse should reassure the parents that their child is engaged in expected behavior for an 18 month old. 4. The nurse is planning care for a 17-month-old child. According to Piaget, in what stage would the nurse expect the child to be? a. Trust b. Preoperations c. Secondary circular reaction d. Tertiary circular reaction - ANS-ANS: D The 17 month old is in the fifth stage of the sensorimotor phase: tertiary circular reactions. The child uses active experimentation to achieve previously unattainable goals. Trust is Erikson's first stage. Preoperation is the stage of cognitive development, usually present in older toddlers and preschoolers. Secondary circular reactions last from about ages 4 to 8 months. A father tells the nurse that his toddler wants the same plate and cup used at every meal, even if they go to a restaurant. The nurse should explain that this is a result of what factor? a. A sign that the child is spoiled. b. A way to exert unhealthy control. c. Regression, common at this age. d. Ritualism, common at this age. - ANS-ANS: D The child is exhibiting the ritualism that is characteristic at this age. Ritualism is the need to maintain sameness and reliability. It provides a sense of comfort to the toddler. It will dictate certain principles in feeding practices, including rejecting a favorite food because it is served in a different container. This does not indicate a child who has unreasonable expectations or a need to exert control, but rather normal development. Toddlers use ritualistic behaviors to maintain necessary structure in their lives. This is not regression, which is a retreat from a present pattern of functioning. 5. Which statement describes a toddler's cognitive development at age 20 months? a. Searches for an object only if he or she sees it being hidden. b. Realizes that "out of sight" is not out of reach. c. Puts objects into a container but cannot take them out. d. Understands the passage of time such as "just a minute" and "in an hour." - ANS-ANS: B At this age the child is in the final sensorimotor stage. Children will now search for an object in several potential places, even though they saw only the original hiding place. Children have a more developed sense of objective permanence. They will search for objects even if they have not seen them hidden. Putting an object in a container but being unable to take it out indicates tertiary circular reactions. An embryonic sense of time exists; although toddlers may behave appropriately to time-oriented phrases, their sense of timing is exaggerated. 6. Although a 14 month old received a shock from an electrical outlet recently, the parents find the child about to place a paper clip in another outlet. What is the best interpretation of this behavior? a. Her cognitive development is delayed. b. This is typical behavior because toddlers are not very developed. c. This is typical behavior because of inability to transfer knowledge to new situations. d. This is not typical behavior because toddlers should know better than to repeat an act that caused pain. - ANS-ANS: C During the tertiary circular reactions stage, children have only a rudimentary sense of the classification of objects. The appearance of an object denotes its function for these children. The slot of an outlet is for putting things into. Her cognitive development is appropriate for her age and represents typical behavior for a toddler. Only some awareness exists of a causal relation between events.