TEST BANK For Microbiology: The Human Experience 2nd
Edition By Foster; Aliabadi; Slonczewski
Nomenclature Naming System - ANSWER:1. Capital Genus
2. Lowercase Species
3. All italicized
Microbes - ANSWER:Prokaryotes: bacteria
Prokaryotes: archaea
Eukaryotes: Fungi
Eukaryotes: Protozoa
Eukaryotes: Algae
Eukaryotes: Multicellular Parasite
Viruses
3 Domains of Life - ANSWER:Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes - ANSWER:Lacks a nuclear membrane
Eukaryotes - ANSWER:Cells with a nucleus
Prokaryotes: bacteria + human association - ANSWER:-Grows everywhere
-Most are harmless; some can cause diseases
Prokaryotes: archaea + human association - ANSWER:Found in extreme
environments
-Never causes disease
Eukaryotes: Fungi + human association - ANSWER:Most are harmless
Some are parasitic
Eukaryotes: Protozoa + human association - ANSWER:Most are harmless
Some are parasitic
Eukaryotes: Algae + human association - ANSWER:never infects human
some produce toxins=intoxication
Eukaryotes: Multicellular Parasite + human association - ANSWER:EX: Flukes,
tapeworms, ringworms
Viruses + human association - ANSWER:Non cellular
Non metabolic
MUST infect a host to reproduce.
Louis Pasteur (1861) - ANSWER:-Did the Swan neck experiment
, -discovered fermentation (sugar to alcohol) was caused by yeast in the absence of air
-(1864) solution to spoilage and souring=Pasteurization
-Pasteurization- heat up beverage to kill bacteria but not the flavor.
Koch's postulates - ANSWER:1. The microbe is found in all cases of the disease but is
absent from healthy individuals
2. The microbe is isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture
3. When the microbe is introduced into a healthy, susceptible host(or animal model),
the same disease occurs
4. The same strain of microbe is obtained from the newly diseased host and when
cultured the strain shows the same characteristics as before
Atoms - ANSWER:Structure:
-Centrally located nucleus
-Made of protons, and neutrons
-Electrons are attracted to the nucleus and move around it on regions called electron
shells.
-an atom contains an equal # of electrons and protons
How do atoms form molecules? - ANSWER:When two or more atoms chemically
bond together, they form a molecule.
Chemical Bonds - ANSWER:1. covalent
2. ionic
3. hydrogen
4. hydrophobic
Covalent Bonds - ANSWER:forms when 2 atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
Ionic Bonds - ANSWER:- attractions between ions of opposite charges that holds
them together to form a molecule.
-when an atom loses or gains electrons, it becomes and ion.
Hydrogen bonds - ANSWER:-forms when an atom (that is covalently bonded to a O
or N atom) is attracted to another O or N atom in another molecule.
Hydrophobic Force - ANSWER:- Hydrogen bonds are attracted to each other and
excludes the non polar compounds and force them together.
- Non-Polar compounds are attracted to each other through Hydrophobic Forces.
Biomolecules - ANSWER:Carbs
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acid
Chemical Composition: Carbs - ANSWER:CHO
Edition By Foster; Aliabadi; Slonczewski
Nomenclature Naming System - ANSWER:1. Capital Genus
2. Lowercase Species
3. All italicized
Microbes - ANSWER:Prokaryotes: bacteria
Prokaryotes: archaea
Eukaryotes: Fungi
Eukaryotes: Protozoa
Eukaryotes: Algae
Eukaryotes: Multicellular Parasite
Viruses
3 Domains of Life - ANSWER:Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes - ANSWER:Lacks a nuclear membrane
Eukaryotes - ANSWER:Cells with a nucleus
Prokaryotes: bacteria + human association - ANSWER:-Grows everywhere
-Most are harmless; some can cause diseases
Prokaryotes: archaea + human association - ANSWER:Found in extreme
environments
-Never causes disease
Eukaryotes: Fungi + human association - ANSWER:Most are harmless
Some are parasitic
Eukaryotes: Protozoa + human association - ANSWER:Most are harmless
Some are parasitic
Eukaryotes: Algae + human association - ANSWER:never infects human
some produce toxins=intoxication
Eukaryotes: Multicellular Parasite + human association - ANSWER:EX: Flukes,
tapeworms, ringworms
Viruses + human association - ANSWER:Non cellular
Non metabolic
MUST infect a host to reproduce.
Louis Pasteur (1861) - ANSWER:-Did the Swan neck experiment
, -discovered fermentation (sugar to alcohol) was caused by yeast in the absence of air
-(1864) solution to spoilage and souring=Pasteurization
-Pasteurization- heat up beverage to kill bacteria but not the flavor.
Koch's postulates - ANSWER:1. The microbe is found in all cases of the disease but is
absent from healthy individuals
2. The microbe is isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture
3. When the microbe is introduced into a healthy, susceptible host(or animal model),
the same disease occurs
4. The same strain of microbe is obtained from the newly diseased host and when
cultured the strain shows the same characteristics as before
Atoms - ANSWER:Structure:
-Centrally located nucleus
-Made of protons, and neutrons
-Electrons are attracted to the nucleus and move around it on regions called electron
shells.
-an atom contains an equal # of electrons and protons
How do atoms form molecules? - ANSWER:When two or more atoms chemically
bond together, they form a molecule.
Chemical Bonds - ANSWER:1. covalent
2. ionic
3. hydrogen
4. hydrophobic
Covalent Bonds - ANSWER:forms when 2 atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
Ionic Bonds - ANSWER:- attractions between ions of opposite charges that holds
them together to form a molecule.
-when an atom loses or gains electrons, it becomes and ion.
Hydrogen bonds - ANSWER:-forms when an atom (that is covalently bonded to a O
or N atom) is attracted to another O or N atom in another molecule.
Hydrophobic Force - ANSWER:- Hydrogen bonds are attracted to each other and
excludes the non polar compounds and force them together.
- Non-Polar compounds are attracted to each other through Hydrophobic Forces.
Biomolecules - ANSWER:Carbs
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acid
Chemical Composition: Carbs - ANSWER:CHO
