TEST BANK For Microbiology: A Systems Approach, 7th Edition
by Marjorie Kelly Cowan|
The _____ is all of the genetic material of a cell - ANSWER:genome
A nucleosome is a linear chromosome wound around the _____ - ANSWER:histone
A _____ is a specific segment of DNA that codes for the production of one functional
product. - ANSWER:gene
The expression of genetic traits is referred to as the organism's _____ -
ANSWER:phenotype
The DNA of an organism is made up of subunits called _____ - ANSWER:nucleotides
Which is incorrect about purines?
a)always paired with a specific pyrimidine
b)are nitrogenous bases
c)found within nucleotides
d)include adenine and guanine
e)only found in DNA, not in RNA - ANSWER:only found in DNA, not in RNA
The antiparallel arrangement within DNA molecules refers to _____ - ANSWER:one
helix strand that runs from the 5' to 3' direction and the other strand runs from 3' to
5' direction.
All of the following pertain to nitrogenous bases EXCEPT
a)adenine pairs with thymine
b)allows variation from one nucleotide to another which creates the encoded
information
c)cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines
d)form pairs by hydrogen bonding
e)guanine pairs with uracil - ANSWER:guanine pairs with uracil
Each nucleotide is composed of _____ - ANSWER:one phosphate, one nitrogenous
base, and one sugar
Base pairs in DNA are held together by _____ bonds - ANSWER:hydrogen
The duplication of a cell's DNA is called _____ - ANSWER:replication
Structural genes code for _____ - ANSWER:cellular proteins
During replication, each parent DNA strand serves as a _____ for synthesis of new
DNA strands - ANSWER:template
, Semiconservative replication refers to _____ - ANSWER:an original parent DNA
strand and one newly synthesized DNA strand comprising a new DNA molecule
DNA polymerase III _____ - ANSWER:synthesizes new DNA only in the 5' to 3'
direction
Okazaki fragments are attached to the growing end of the lagging strand by _____ -
ANSWER:DNA ligase
The enzyme that helps pack DNA into the cell by coiling the DNA into a tight bundle
is _____ - ANSWER:DNA gyrase
The enzyme that can proofread replicating DNA, detect incorrect bases, excise them,
and correctly replace them is _____ - ANSWER:DNA polymerase
The site where the old DNA strands separate and new DNA strands will be
synthesized is called the _____ - ANSWER:replication fork
Helicase ____ - ANSWER:unwinds DNA
DNA gyrase _____ - ANSWER:supercoils DNA
DNA polymerase I _____ - ANSWER:removes primers
DNA polymerase III _____ - ANSWER:proofreads new DNA
A permanent, inheritable change in the genetic information is called a/an _____ -
ANSWER:mutation
Replication of DNA begins at a/an _____ rich area - ANSWER:adenine-thymine
A primer comprised of _____ is needed at the origin of nucleotide addition -
ANSWER:RNA
Groups of three consecutive bases along the DNA of a gene have the code for one
_____ - ANSWER:amino acid
The three-base sequence on DNA that codes for an amino acid is called a/an _____ -
ANSWER:triplet
The RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
are called _____ - ANSWER:transfer RNA
This molecule is translated into an amino acid sequence - ANSWER:messenger RNA
RNA molecules differ from DNA molecules because only RNA _____
by Marjorie Kelly Cowan|
The _____ is all of the genetic material of a cell - ANSWER:genome
A nucleosome is a linear chromosome wound around the _____ - ANSWER:histone
A _____ is a specific segment of DNA that codes for the production of one functional
product. - ANSWER:gene
The expression of genetic traits is referred to as the organism's _____ -
ANSWER:phenotype
The DNA of an organism is made up of subunits called _____ - ANSWER:nucleotides
Which is incorrect about purines?
a)always paired with a specific pyrimidine
b)are nitrogenous bases
c)found within nucleotides
d)include adenine and guanine
e)only found in DNA, not in RNA - ANSWER:only found in DNA, not in RNA
The antiparallel arrangement within DNA molecules refers to _____ - ANSWER:one
helix strand that runs from the 5' to 3' direction and the other strand runs from 3' to
5' direction.
All of the following pertain to nitrogenous bases EXCEPT
a)adenine pairs with thymine
b)allows variation from one nucleotide to another which creates the encoded
information
c)cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines
d)form pairs by hydrogen bonding
e)guanine pairs with uracil - ANSWER:guanine pairs with uracil
Each nucleotide is composed of _____ - ANSWER:one phosphate, one nitrogenous
base, and one sugar
Base pairs in DNA are held together by _____ bonds - ANSWER:hydrogen
The duplication of a cell's DNA is called _____ - ANSWER:replication
Structural genes code for _____ - ANSWER:cellular proteins
During replication, each parent DNA strand serves as a _____ for synthesis of new
DNA strands - ANSWER:template
, Semiconservative replication refers to _____ - ANSWER:an original parent DNA
strand and one newly synthesized DNA strand comprising a new DNA molecule
DNA polymerase III _____ - ANSWER:synthesizes new DNA only in the 5' to 3'
direction
Okazaki fragments are attached to the growing end of the lagging strand by _____ -
ANSWER:DNA ligase
The enzyme that helps pack DNA into the cell by coiling the DNA into a tight bundle
is _____ - ANSWER:DNA gyrase
The enzyme that can proofread replicating DNA, detect incorrect bases, excise them,
and correctly replace them is _____ - ANSWER:DNA polymerase
The site where the old DNA strands separate and new DNA strands will be
synthesized is called the _____ - ANSWER:replication fork
Helicase ____ - ANSWER:unwinds DNA
DNA gyrase _____ - ANSWER:supercoils DNA
DNA polymerase I _____ - ANSWER:removes primers
DNA polymerase III _____ - ANSWER:proofreads new DNA
A permanent, inheritable change in the genetic information is called a/an _____ -
ANSWER:mutation
Replication of DNA begins at a/an _____ rich area - ANSWER:adenine-thymine
A primer comprised of _____ is needed at the origin of nucleotide addition -
ANSWER:RNA
Groups of three consecutive bases along the DNA of a gene have the code for one
_____ - ANSWER:amino acid
The three-base sequence on DNA that codes for an amino acid is called a/an _____ -
ANSWER:triplet
The RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
are called _____ - ANSWER:transfer RNA
This molecule is translated into an amino acid sequence - ANSWER:messenger RNA
RNA molecules differ from DNA molecules because only RNA _____
