TEST BANK For Touhy & Jett, Ebersole and Hess’
Gerontological Nursing & Healthy Aging 6th Edition
Crystallized intelligence - ANSWER:Knowledge accumulated over a lifetime; arises
from the dominant hemisphere of the brain.
Fluid intelligence - ANSWER:Involves new information emanating from the
nondominant hemisphere; controls emotions, retention of nonintellectual
information, creative capacities, spatial perceptions, and aesthetic appreciation.
Immunosenescence - ANSWER:The aging of the immune system.
Presbycusis - ANSWER:Progress hearing loss that occur as a result of age-related
changes to the inner ear.
Presbyesophagus - ANSWER:A condition characterized by a decreased intensity of
propulsive waves an increased frequency on non-propulsive waves in the esophagus.
Presbyopia - ANSWER:The inability to focus or accommodate properly due to
reduced elasticity of the lens.
Lean body mass - ANSWER:Decreases
Fat tissue - ANSWER:Increases until the sixth decade of life.
ECF and ICF - ANSWER:ECF remains fairly constant, whereas ICF is decreased,
resulting in less total body fluid. This makes dehydration a significant risk to older
adults.
The loss of subcutaneous fat content - ANSWER:Is responsible for the decrease in
skin-fold thickness.
Trachea and rib cage - ANSWER:Are more rigid due to the calcification of costal
cartilage.
Bronchial mucous gland - ANSWER:Atrophies, further complicating the ability to
expel mucus and debris.
Residual volume - ANSWER:Increases due to the lungs' inability to exhale effectively.
Vital capacity - ANSWER:Decreases as residual volume increases.
Maximum breathing capacity - ANSWER:Decreases.
, AV valves - ANSWER:Become thick and rigid as a result of sclerosis and fibrosis,
compounding the dysfunction associated with any cardiac disease that may be
present.
The heart muscle - ANSWER:Loses its efficiency and contractile strength.
Diastolic filling and systolic emptying - ANSWER:Takes more time to be completed.
Tachycardia - ANSWER:Will last for a longer time in older adults.
Tunica intima - ANSWER:The innermost layer experiences the most direct changes,
including fibrosis, Ca and lipid accumulation, and cellular proliferation. The changes
contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.
Baroreceptors - ANSWER:Decreases, causing reduced sensitivity to of the BP.
Increases problems with postural hypotension and postprandial hypotension.
Teeth - ANSWER:Become less sensitive to stimuli. Tooth loss is not a normal
consequence of aging, but poor dental care, diet, and environmental influences have
contributed to many older adults being edentulous.
Tongue - ANSWER:Atrophies, affecting the taste buds. The sweet sensations on the
tip of the tongue tend to suffer a greater loss than the sensations for sour, salt, and
bitter flavors.
Saliva - ANSWER:Produce 1/3 the amount they did in their younger year.
Salivary ptaylin - ANSWER:Decreased, interfering with the breakdown of starches.
Esophagus - ANSWER:Tends to become slightly dilated, and esophageal emptying is
slower, which can cause discomfort because food remains in the esophagus for a
longer time. Aspiration becomes a risk.
Higher pH - ANSWER:Contributes to an increased incidence of gastric irritation in the
older population.
Fat absorption - ANSWER:Is slower, and dextrose and xylose are more difficult to
absorb. Absorption of vitamin B, B12, vitamin D, calcium, and iron is faulty.
Motility of feces through the bowel - ANSWER:Not affected by aging.
Loss of tone of the internal sphincter - ANSWER:An age-related loss of tone of the
internal sphincter can affect bowel elimination.
Liver function - ANSWER:Liver function tests remain within a normal range.
Gerontological Nursing & Healthy Aging 6th Edition
Crystallized intelligence - ANSWER:Knowledge accumulated over a lifetime; arises
from the dominant hemisphere of the brain.
Fluid intelligence - ANSWER:Involves new information emanating from the
nondominant hemisphere; controls emotions, retention of nonintellectual
information, creative capacities, spatial perceptions, and aesthetic appreciation.
Immunosenescence - ANSWER:The aging of the immune system.
Presbycusis - ANSWER:Progress hearing loss that occur as a result of age-related
changes to the inner ear.
Presbyesophagus - ANSWER:A condition characterized by a decreased intensity of
propulsive waves an increased frequency on non-propulsive waves in the esophagus.
Presbyopia - ANSWER:The inability to focus or accommodate properly due to
reduced elasticity of the lens.
Lean body mass - ANSWER:Decreases
Fat tissue - ANSWER:Increases until the sixth decade of life.
ECF and ICF - ANSWER:ECF remains fairly constant, whereas ICF is decreased,
resulting in less total body fluid. This makes dehydration a significant risk to older
adults.
The loss of subcutaneous fat content - ANSWER:Is responsible for the decrease in
skin-fold thickness.
Trachea and rib cage - ANSWER:Are more rigid due to the calcification of costal
cartilage.
Bronchial mucous gland - ANSWER:Atrophies, further complicating the ability to
expel mucus and debris.
Residual volume - ANSWER:Increases due to the lungs' inability to exhale effectively.
Vital capacity - ANSWER:Decreases as residual volume increases.
Maximum breathing capacity - ANSWER:Decreases.
, AV valves - ANSWER:Become thick and rigid as a result of sclerosis and fibrosis,
compounding the dysfunction associated with any cardiac disease that may be
present.
The heart muscle - ANSWER:Loses its efficiency and contractile strength.
Diastolic filling and systolic emptying - ANSWER:Takes more time to be completed.
Tachycardia - ANSWER:Will last for a longer time in older adults.
Tunica intima - ANSWER:The innermost layer experiences the most direct changes,
including fibrosis, Ca and lipid accumulation, and cellular proliferation. The changes
contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.
Baroreceptors - ANSWER:Decreases, causing reduced sensitivity to of the BP.
Increases problems with postural hypotension and postprandial hypotension.
Teeth - ANSWER:Become less sensitive to stimuli. Tooth loss is not a normal
consequence of aging, but poor dental care, diet, and environmental influences have
contributed to many older adults being edentulous.
Tongue - ANSWER:Atrophies, affecting the taste buds. The sweet sensations on the
tip of the tongue tend to suffer a greater loss than the sensations for sour, salt, and
bitter flavors.
Saliva - ANSWER:Produce 1/3 the amount they did in their younger year.
Salivary ptaylin - ANSWER:Decreased, interfering with the breakdown of starches.
Esophagus - ANSWER:Tends to become slightly dilated, and esophageal emptying is
slower, which can cause discomfort because food remains in the esophagus for a
longer time. Aspiration becomes a risk.
Higher pH - ANSWER:Contributes to an increased incidence of gastric irritation in the
older population.
Fat absorption - ANSWER:Is slower, and dextrose and xylose are more difficult to
absorb. Absorption of vitamin B, B12, vitamin D, calcium, and iron is faulty.
Motility of feces through the bowel - ANSWER:Not affected by aging.
Loss of tone of the internal sphincter - ANSWER:An age-related loss of tone of the
internal sphincter can affect bowel elimination.
Liver function - ANSWER:Liver function tests remain within a normal range.
