PN 4003 FINAL EXAM LATEST UPDATED
Brittle Diabetic - ANSWER Unstable diabetes - blood sugar swings can be severe
and frequent from hypoglycaemia to hyperglycaemia.
Post-surgery complications following foot amputation - ANSWER • Phantom Pain
(pain that feels like its coming from a body part that is no longer there)
•Infection
•Hemorrhage
• Self-esteem issues
Metabolic Acidosis - ANSWER The condition in decreased plasma pH due to
increased acids or decreased bicarbonates
Metabolic Acidosis pH - ANSWER Below pH 22 (HCO3)
Metabolic Acidosis S+S - ANSWER deep rapid breathing, anorexia, N+V,
headache, confusion, lethargy, malaise, abdominal pain, weakness
Metabolic Acidosis Causes - ANSWER •Loss of intestinal fluid
•Renal failure
•Hyperkalemia
Metabolic Alkalosis - ANSWER Accumulation of bases or decreased hydrogen ion
concentration
Metabolic Alkalosis pH - ANSWER Above pH 26 (HCO3)
Metabolic Alkalosis Causes - ANSWER •Diuretics
•Loss of gastric secretions
•Excessive oral bicarbonates
Metabolic Alkalosis S+S - ANSWER anorexia, N+V, circumoral paresthesia,
confusion, foot spasms
, Respiratory Acidosis - ANSWER Condition where the lungs can't remove all the
CO2
Respiratory Acidosis pH - ANSWER Above pH 45 (PCO2)
Respiratory Acidosis Causes - ANSWER •Asthma
•COPD
•Pulmonary Fibrosis
(diseases of the lung tissue)
Respiratory Acidosis S+S - ANSWER SOB, apnea, diaphoresis, tachycardia, N+V
Respiratory Alkalosis - ANSWER Condition of low CO2 in the blood due to rapid
breathing
Respiratory Alkalosis pH - ANSWER Below pH 35 (PCO2)
Respiratory Alkalosis Causes - ANSWER •Hyperventilation
•Anxiety
•Panic
Respiratory Alkalosis S+S - ANSWER increased resp rate, lightheadedness,
numbness and tingling, diaphoresis, dry mouth
How does electrolyte and acid-base imbalance associate with alcohol dependency?
- ANSWER Lacking potassium (hypokalaemia)
1st Degree Burn - ANSWER Superficial, partial thickness burn. Epidermis only.
Painful. Blanching. (ex.sunburn)
2nd Degree Burn - ANSWER Deep partial thickness burn. Epidermis and Dermis.
Blisters and fluid loss. Red, shiny and wet after blisters rupture. Very painful. (ex.
chemical heat burn)
3rd and 4th Degree Burn - ANSWER Full thickness burn. Depth is all skin layers
and nerves. May include muscles, fatty tissue and bone. Little or no pain. Dry,
Brittle Diabetic - ANSWER Unstable diabetes - blood sugar swings can be severe
and frequent from hypoglycaemia to hyperglycaemia.
Post-surgery complications following foot amputation - ANSWER • Phantom Pain
(pain that feels like its coming from a body part that is no longer there)
•Infection
•Hemorrhage
• Self-esteem issues
Metabolic Acidosis - ANSWER The condition in decreased plasma pH due to
increased acids or decreased bicarbonates
Metabolic Acidosis pH - ANSWER Below pH 22 (HCO3)
Metabolic Acidosis S+S - ANSWER deep rapid breathing, anorexia, N+V,
headache, confusion, lethargy, malaise, abdominal pain, weakness
Metabolic Acidosis Causes - ANSWER •Loss of intestinal fluid
•Renal failure
•Hyperkalemia
Metabolic Alkalosis - ANSWER Accumulation of bases or decreased hydrogen ion
concentration
Metabolic Alkalosis pH - ANSWER Above pH 26 (HCO3)
Metabolic Alkalosis Causes - ANSWER •Diuretics
•Loss of gastric secretions
•Excessive oral bicarbonates
Metabolic Alkalosis S+S - ANSWER anorexia, N+V, circumoral paresthesia,
confusion, foot spasms
, Respiratory Acidosis - ANSWER Condition where the lungs can't remove all the
CO2
Respiratory Acidosis pH - ANSWER Above pH 45 (PCO2)
Respiratory Acidosis Causes - ANSWER •Asthma
•COPD
•Pulmonary Fibrosis
(diseases of the lung tissue)
Respiratory Acidosis S+S - ANSWER SOB, apnea, diaphoresis, tachycardia, N+V
Respiratory Alkalosis - ANSWER Condition of low CO2 in the blood due to rapid
breathing
Respiratory Alkalosis pH - ANSWER Below pH 35 (PCO2)
Respiratory Alkalosis Causes - ANSWER •Hyperventilation
•Anxiety
•Panic
Respiratory Alkalosis S+S - ANSWER increased resp rate, lightheadedness,
numbness and tingling, diaphoresis, dry mouth
How does electrolyte and acid-base imbalance associate with alcohol dependency?
- ANSWER Lacking potassium (hypokalaemia)
1st Degree Burn - ANSWER Superficial, partial thickness burn. Epidermis only.
Painful. Blanching. (ex.sunburn)
2nd Degree Burn - ANSWER Deep partial thickness burn. Epidermis and Dermis.
Blisters and fluid loss. Red, shiny and wet after blisters rupture. Very painful. (ex.
chemical heat burn)
3rd and 4th Degree Burn - ANSWER Full thickness burn. Depth is all skin layers
and nerves. May include muscles, fatty tissue and bone. Little or no pain. Dry,
