PN 4003 VARIATIONS IN HEALTH EXAM
2024-2025
Rheumatic Fever - ANSWER Symptomatic inflammatory disease that sometimes
follows a group A streptococcal infection of the throat. (Autoimmune response)
Rheumatic Carditis - ANSWER inflammatory cardiac manifestations of rheumatic
fever in either the acute or later stage (endocardium, myocardium, pericardium)
Endocarditis - ANSWER Inflammation of the endocardium (innermost layer of the
heart) as a result of an infectious microorganism.
Myocarditis - ANSWER Inflammation of myocardium (muscle layer) of the heart
muscle caused by a viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection. May also be
caused by toxins of microorganisms, chronic alcohol/cocaine use, radiation
therapy, and autoimmune disorders.
Pericarditis - ANSWER Inflammation of pericardium (tissue surrounding the heart)
causing fluid accumulation between the 2 layers of heart tissue.
Cardiomyopathy - ANSWER Chronic condition characterized by structural
changes of the heart muscle (dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, arrhythmogenic right
ventricular, peripartum cardiomyopathy)
What condition can lead to severe neuromuscular and cardiac problems -
ANSWER changes in potassium levels (kalemia)
Most accurate way to determine hypervolemia - ANSWER weight
What does RAAS do - ANSWER responsible for the regulation of the body's blood
pressure
When does metabolic acidosis occur in shock - ANSWER decomposition shock
Compensated shock - ANSWER The early stage of shock, in which the body can
still compensate for blood loss.
, Decompensated shock - ANSWER when the body can no longer compensate for
low blood volume or lack of perfusion. Late signs such as decreasing blood
pressure become evident
Irreversible shock - ANSWER The final stage of shock, resulting in death.
thrombophlebitis - ANSWER inflammation of a vein associated with a clot
formation
Hoarseness - ANSWER a voice quality that is characterized by a rough, usually
low-pitched quality
Cystic fibrosis - ANSWER inherited disease that affects the respiratory and
digestive systems. Cystic fibrosis affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat and
digestive juices.
pulmonary hypertension - ANSWER elevated pulmonary pressure resulting from
an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance to blood flow through small arteries
and arterioles. This puts strain on the right ventricle
Atherosclerosis - ANSWER condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build
up on the inner walls of the arteries
pH levels - ANSWER 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 (carbon dioxide) - ANSWER 35-45 mmHg
HCO3 (bicarbonate) - ANSWER 22-26 mEq/L
Acidosis - ANSWER pH below 7.35
Alkalosis - ANSWER pH above 7.45
Metabolic acidosis / alkalosis - ANSWER Change in pH due to changes in HCO3
(bicarbonate)
2024-2025
Rheumatic Fever - ANSWER Symptomatic inflammatory disease that sometimes
follows a group A streptococcal infection of the throat. (Autoimmune response)
Rheumatic Carditis - ANSWER inflammatory cardiac manifestations of rheumatic
fever in either the acute or later stage (endocardium, myocardium, pericardium)
Endocarditis - ANSWER Inflammation of the endocardium (innermost layer of the
heart) as a result of an infectious microorganism.
Myocarditis - ANSWER Inflammation of myocardium (muscle layer) of the heart
muscle caused by a viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection. May also be
caused by toxins of microorganisms, chronic alcohol/cocaine use, radiation
therapy, and autoimmune disorders.
Pericarditis - ANSWER Inflammation of pericardium (tissue surrounding the heart)
causing fluid accumulation between the 2 layers of heart tissue.
Cardiomyopathy - ANSWER Chronic condition characterized by structural
changes of the heart muscle (dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, arrhythmogenic right
ventricular, peripartum cardiomyopathy)
What condition can lead to severe neuromuscular and cardiac problems -
ANSWER changes in potassium levels (kalemia)
Most accurate way to determine hypervolemia - ANSWER weight
What does RAAS do - ANSWER responsible for the regulation of the body's blood
pressure
When does metabolic acidosis occur in shock - ANSWER decomposition shock
Compensated shock - ANSWER The early stage of shock, in which the body can
still compensate for blood loss.
, Decompensated shock - ANSWER when the body can no longer compensate for
low blood volume or lack of perfusion. Late signs such as decreasing blood
pressure become evident
Irreversible shock - ANSWER The final stage of shock, resulting in death.
thrombophlebitis - ANSWER inflammation of a vein associated with a clot
formation
Hoarseness - ANSWER a voice quality that is characterized by a rough, usually
low-pitched quality
Cystic fibrosis - ANSWER inherited disease that affects the respiratory and
digestive systems. Cystic fibrosis affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat and
digestive juices.
pulmonary hypertension - ANSWER elevated pulmonary pressure resulting from
an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance to blood flow through small arteries
and arterioles. This puts strain on the right ventricle
Atherosclerosis - ANSWER condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build
up on the inner walls of the arteries
pH levels - ANSWER 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 (carbon dioxide) - ANSWER 35-45 mmHg
HCO3 (bicarbonate) - ANSWER 22-26 mEq/L
Acidosis - ANSWER pH below 7.35
Alkalosis - ANSWER pH above 7.45
Metabolic acidosis / alkalosis - ANSWER Change in pH due to changes in HCO3
(bicarbonate)
