Begrippenlijst Social psychology part 1
What is social psychology
social psychology the scientific study of the effect of social and cognitive process on the way
individuals perceive, influence and relate to others
common sense observer people reach conclusions based on their own/other experiences which
makes it inconsistent
social psychologists study social behavior as a system
social processes ‘good impression’ the way in which input from the people and groups
around us affect our thoughts, feelings, and actions (belonging)
cognitive processes the ways in which our emotions, memories, perceptions, thoughts and
motives influence our understanding of the world and guide our actions
examples ^ 1. social processes affect us even when others are not physically
present. group membership becomes part of who we are (identity)
2. Social processes that affect us even when others are physically
present depend on how we interpret those others and their actions,
and therefore on the operation of cognitive processes. the way
others affect us depends on our own thoughts and feelings
history trends and current themes 1. norman triplett; sporters performed better when competing against
in social psychology rivals
2. social psychology split from general psychology (the importance of
the effect of thoughts and feelings on behaviors)
3. the rize of nazism shapes the development of social psychology
a. kurt Lewin; people their subjective interpretation of reality is
the key determinant of their beliefs and behaviors. AND
social influences structure those interpretations
b. Hovland; persuasion depends on who delivers the
message, who receives it and how the message is
processed
4. growth and integration of social and cognitive psychology &
understanding cultural differences
the fundamental principle of social
psychology processes
Two fundamental axioms 1. construction of reality; the axiom that each person’s view
of reality is a construction, shaped both by cognitive
processes (input from others; either imagined or present)
→ agreement about the nature of reality
2. pervasiveness (overal aanwezig) of social influence; the axiom that
other people influence virtually all of our thoughts, feelings, and
behavior whether those others are physically present or not
three motivational principles
1. striving for mastery; people seek to understand and predict events
experimenten! in the social world in order to obtain rewards.
2. seeking connectedness; that people seek support, liking, and
acceptance from the people and group they care about and value.
1
, This fundamental motive cements the relationship that brings you
joy and meaning to our lives.
3. valuing me and mine: that people desire to see themselves and
other people and groups connected to themselves in a positive
light; results people to feel good about themselves
the three processing principles 1. conservatism principle; that individuals and groups views
of the world are slow to change and prone to perpetuate
themselves → habituated knowledge tend to continue itself
2. accessibility principle: that information that is most readily available
generally has the most impact on thoughts, feelings and behavior
3. superficially versus dept; that people ordinally put little
effort into dealing with information but at times are
motivated to consider information in more dept; → treats
to any of our important goals may motivate us to consider
information in more dept and to think hard about our own
beliefs and actions
Perceiving others
forming first impressions cues, interpretations and inferences; our knowledge about people’s
characteristics. personal goals and values and the way they are related to
one another is a type.
mental representations a body of knowledge that an individual has stored in memory. this
influences all of our social beliefs and behavior
impressions guide our actions in ways that meet our needs both for concrete award and
connectedness. Negative information weights more heavily because it is
more surprising
impressions from physical the way people look is usually our first and sometimes only cue to what
appearance they are like
impressions from non verbal body language offers a special insight in people’s mood and emotions
communication
detection of deception is it a lie or true someone tells you? People often do not watch for the right
cues of a lie
impressions from familiarity mere exposure to another person increases liking
impressions from environments people select and create physical and virtual environments that both reflect
and reinforce who we are
impressions from behavior many behaviors are strongly linked to particular personality traits
the accessibility of knowledge the ease and speed with which information comes to mind and is used
(what do you overall think of this person?)
● becomes accessible because it has recently been activated
● because it is frequently activated
● it has been activated by some other cue
2
What is social psychology
social psychology the scientific study of the effect of social and cognitive process on the way
individuals perceive, influence and relate to others
common sense observer people reach conclusions based on their own/other experiences which
makes it inconsistent
social psychologists study social behavior as a system
social processes ‘good impression’ the way in which input from the people and groups
around us affect our thoughts, feelings, and actions (belonging)
cognitive processes the ways in which our emotions, memories, perceptions, thoughts and
motives influence our understanding of the world and guide our actions
examples ^ 1. social processes affect us even when others are not physically
present. group membership becomes part of who we are (identity)
2. Social processes that affect us even when others are physically
present depend on how we interpret those others and their actions,
and therefore on the operation of cognitive processes. the way
others affect us depends on our own thoughts and feelings
history trends and current themes 1. norman triplett; sporters performed better when competing against
in social psychology rivals
2. social psychology split from general psychology (the importance of
the effect of thoughts and feelings on behaviors)
3. the rize of nazism shapes the development of social psychology
a. kurt Lewin; people their subjective interpretation of reality is
the key determinant of their beliefs and behaviors. AND
social influences structure those interpretations
b. Hovland; persuasion depends on who delivers the
message, who receives it and how the message is
processed
4. growth and integration of social and cognitive psychology &
understanding cultural differences
the fundamental principle of social
psychology processes
Two fundamental axioms 1. construction of reality; the axiom that each person’s view
of reality is a construction, shaped both by cognitive
processes (input from others; either imagined or present)
→ agreement about the nature of reality
2. pervasiveness (overal aanwezig) of social influence; the axiom that
other people influence virtually all of our thoughts, feelings, and
behavior whether those others are physically present or not
three motivational principles
1. striving for mastery; people seek to understand and predict events
experimenten! in the social world in order to obtain rewards.
2. seeking connectedness; that people seek support, liking, and
acceptance from the people and group they care about and value.
1
, This fundamental motive cements the relationship that brings you
joy and meaning to our lives.
3. valuing me and mine: that people desire to see themselves and
other people and groups connected to themselves in a positive
light; results people to feel good about themselves
the three processing principles 1. conservatism principle; that individuals and groups views
of the world are slow to change and prone to perpetuate
themselves → habituated knowledge tend to continue itself
2. accessibility principle: that information that is most readily available
generally has the most impact on thoughts, feelings and behavior
3. superficially versus dept; that people ordinally put little
effort into dealing with information but at times are
motivated to consider information in more dept; → treats
to any of our important goals may motivate us to consider
information in more dept and to think hard about our own
beliefs and actions
Perceiving others
forming first impressions cues, interpretations and inferences; our knowledge about people’s
characteristics. personal goals and values and the way they are related to
one another is a type.
mental representations a body of knowledge that an individual has stored in memory. this
influences all of our social beliefs and behavior
impressions guide our actions in ways that meet our needs both for concrete award and
connectedness. Negative information weights more heavily because it is
more surprising
impressions from physical the way people look is usually our first and sometimes only cue to what
appearance they are like
impressions from non verbal body language offers a special insight in people’s mood and emotions
communication
detection of deception is it a lie or true someone tells you? People often do not watch for the right
cues of a lie
impressions from familiarity mere exposure to another person increases liking
impressions from environments people select and create physical and virtual environments that both reflect
and reinforce who we are
impressions from behavior many behaviors are strongly linked to particular personality traits
the accessibility of knowledge the ease and speed with which information comes to mind and is used
(what do you overall think of this person?)
● becomes accessible because it has recently been activated
● because it is frequently activated
● it has been activated by some other cue
2
