Page 1
‗
,Porth's Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health 10th Edition Test Bank
‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘
Chapter 1- Concepts of Health and Disease ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focused on
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following comments made
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be considered a good
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
reviews and word games during social time
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
facilities ‗
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with diabetes ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking classes
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
sessions ‗
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
Ans: A, B, C, E
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
Feedback:
The WHO definition of health is defined as ―a state of complete physical, mental, and
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.‖ Engaging in book
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
reviews facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate physical
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
well-being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating physical
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
well-being even though the person has a chronic disease. Handwashing is vital in the
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
prevention of disease and spread of germs.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
variety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
referring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health and
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
Human Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed, which
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
would be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this report?
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
descent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
health care facilities. ‗ ‗ ‗
Ans: B ‗
Feedback:
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using alternative
‗ ‘ ‘ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and promoting health for
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
all (which includes having good health care benefits); and promoting good health (which
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
includes living in a clean community with good access to health care). A client's
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
noncompliance with treatments to control high cholesterol levels within the presence of a
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
family history of CV disease does not meet the ―attaining lives free of preventable disease
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
and premature death‖ determinant.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
Page 2 ‗
,3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large,
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
university hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
between diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause disease.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
Which of the following patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences of molecules
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
that cause disease?
‗ ‗ ‗
A) A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
packed red blood cells
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
B) A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
familial hypercholesterolemia
‗ ‗
C) A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
therapy and chest physiotherapy
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
D) A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and is
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‘ ‘ ‗ ‗ ‗
HIV positive.‗ ‗
Ans: D ‗
Feedback:
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease. Sickle cell
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples of the effects of
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
abnormal molecules.
‗ ‗
4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
number of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the following
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
aspects of clients' situations best characterizes pathogenesis rather than etiology?
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‘ ‘
B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
Ans: B
‗ ‗
Feedback:
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as the ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
increasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and traumatic
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
injuries are examples of etiologic factors.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
Page 3 ‗
, 5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has arrived
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review of the
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
pathogenesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the patient
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
verifies to the nurse that he has understood the nurse's teachings about coronary artery
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
disease?
‗
A) ―All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heart attacks.‖
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
B) ―My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
French fries every day.‖
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
C) ―Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made it ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
easy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.‖
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
D) ―If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
causing a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart attack.‖
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
Ans: C ‗
Feedback:
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
pathogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process from a
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
fatty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery disease. Risk
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and lack of exercise.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
6. A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
client for the first time. Which of the following aspects of the patient's current state of
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
health would be best characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
A) The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
B) The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung fields
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
bilaterally. ‗
D) The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
Ans: B
‗ ‗
Feedback:
Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health problem,
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
such as complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sounds,
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
and respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of disease.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
Page 4 ‗
‗
,Porth's Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health 10th Edition Test Bank
‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘
Chapter 1- Concepts of Health and Disease ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focused on
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following comments made
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be considered a good
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
reviews and word games during social time
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
facilities ‗
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with diabetes ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking classes
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
sessions ‗
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
Ans: A, B, C, E
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
Feedback:
The WHO definition of health is defined as ―a state of complete physical, mental, and
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.‖ Engaging in book
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
reviews facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate physical
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
well-being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating physical
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
well-being even though the person has a chronic disease. Handwashing is vital in the
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
prevention of disease and spread of germs.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
variety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
referring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health and
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
Human Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed, which
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
would be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this report?
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
descent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
health care facilities. ‗ ‗ ‗
Ans: B ‗
Feedback:
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using alternative
‗ ‘ ‘ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and promoting health for
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
all (which includes having good health care benefits); and promoting good health (which
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
includes living in a clean community with good access to health care). A client's
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
noncompliance with treatments to control high cholesterol levels within the presence of a
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
family history of CV disease does not meet the ―attaining lives free of preventable disease
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
and premature death‖ determinant.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
Page 2 ‗
,3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large,
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
university hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
between diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause disease.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
Which of the following patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences of molecules
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
that cause disease?
‗ ‗ ‗
A) A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
packed red blood cells
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
B) A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
familial hypercholesterolemia
‗ ‗
C) A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
therapy and chest physiotherapy
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
D) A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and is
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‘ ‘ ‗ ‗ ‗
HIV positive.‗ ‗
Ans: D ‗
Feedback:
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease. Sickle cell
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples of the effects of
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
abnormal molecules.
‗ ‗
4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
number of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the following
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
aspects of clients' situations best characterizes pathogenesis rather than etiology?
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‘ ‘
B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
Ans: B
‗ ‗
Feedback:
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as the ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
increasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and traumatic
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
injuries are examples of etiologic factors.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
Page 3 ‗
, 5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has arrived
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review of the
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
pathogenesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the patient
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
verifies to the nurse that he has understood the nurse's teachings about coronary artery
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
disease?
‗
A) ―All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heart attacks.‖
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
B) ―My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
French fries every day.‖
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
C) ―Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made it ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
easy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.‖
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
D) ―If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
causing a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart attack.‖
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
Ans: C ‗
Feedback:
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
pathogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process from a
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
fatty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery disease. Risk
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and lack of exercise.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
6. A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
client for the first time. Which of the following aspects of the patient's current state of
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
health would be best characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
A) The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
B) The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung fields
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
bilaterally. ‗
D) The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
Ans: B
‗ ‗
Feedback:
Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health problem,
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
such as complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sounds,
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
and respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of disease.
‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
Page 4 ‗
