Engg 1001 Definition of Terms:
Chemistry for Matter – is anything that has mass
and takes up space. It can exist in
Engineers various states, such as solid, liquid,
or gas.
Juanes Rae Palonpon
Atoms – are the smallest units of
an element that retain the
properties of that element. Atoms
Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemistry consist of protons, neutrons, and
electrons.
Chemistry is often referred to as the
“central science” because it connects and Molecules – are groups of two or
overlaps with many other scientific more atoms bonded together. They
disciplines, such as physics, biology, represent the smallest units of a
geology, and environmental science. chemical compound that can take
part in a chemical reaction.
Aluminum
Elements – are pure substances
Discovery: Aluminum was first consisting of only one type of atom.
isolated in the 19th century. They are the building blocks of all
matter and cannot be broken down
Occurrence: It does not occur in its into simpler substances by
pure metallic form in nature due to chemical means.
its high reactivity.
Compounds – are substances
Instead, it is found in compounds, most
formed when two or more different
commonly in the mineral bauxite (an ore),
types of atoms bond together in
from which it is commercially extracted.
fixed proportions.
Properties: It is lightweight, has
high corrosion resistance, and is an
excellent conductor of electricity,
making it valuable in engineering
applications.
1
,Scientific Method
Make Form
Observations Hypotheses
Conduct Draw
Experiments Conclusions
Classification of Matter
Three Levels of Perspective on
the Nature of Chemistry Substance – a form of matter that
has a constant composition and
1. Macroscopic Perspective – are distinct properties. Substances can
observations of matter and its be classified as either:
changes that can be seen with the
naked eye. It deals with the bulk Element – a pure substance made up of
properties and behaviors of only one type of atom.
substances.
Compound – a substance made up of two
2. Microscopic Perspective – focuses or more different types of atoms
on the structure, composition, and chemically bonded together.
behavior of atoms and molecules
that make up matter, typically at Mixture – a combination of two or
the atomic or molecular level. more substances that are not
chemically bonded and can be
3. Symbolic Perspective – it uses separated by physical means.
symbols, formulas, and equations
to represent chemical elements, Homogenous Mixture – a mixture that
compounds, reactions, and has a uniform composition throughout.
processes (e.g., 𝐻₂𝑂 for water, 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 The individual components are not
for sodium chloride). distinguishable (e.g., saltwater, air).
Heterogenous Mixture – a mixture with a
non-uniform composition, where the
different components are visible and can
2
, be separated easily (e.g., salad, oil and oxygen and releases energy in the form of
water). heat and light.
Properties of Matter Corrosion – is the gradual destruction or
deterioration of materials, usually metals,
Physical Property – a through chemical reactions with their
characteristic of a substance that environment.
can be observed or measured
without changing its composition Three States of Matter
(e.g., color, density, melting point).
Extensive Property – it depends on the Solid
amount of matter present (e.g., mass, •has a definite shape and volume. Particles are
closely packed in a fixed arrangement.
volume).
Liquid
•has a definite volume but no definite shape.
Intensive Property – independent of the Particles are closely packed but can move past
amount of matter present (e.g., density, each other, allowing liquids to flow
boiling point). Gas
•has neither a definite shape nor volume.
Particles are far apart and move freely, filling
Malleability – refers to the ability of a any container they are in.
material to be deformed under
compressive stress, such as being
hammered or rolled into thin sheets.
Density – of an object is defined as ratio of
mass to its volume and is a measure of
how much matter is packed into a given
space.
Chemical Property – a substance's
ability to undergo chemical
changes and form new substances
(e.g., reactivity with acid,
Chemistry is an empirical science that
flammability).
studies the composition, structure,
properties, and changes of matter.
Combustion – is a chemical process in
which a substance reacts rapidly with
3
Chemistry for Matter – is anything that has mass
and takes up space. It can exist in
Engineers various states, such as solid, liquid,
or gas.
Juanes Rae Palonpon
Atoms – are the smallest units of
an element that retain the
properties of that element. Atoms
Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemistry consist of protons, neutrons, and
electrons.
Chemistry is often referred to as the
“central science” because it connects and Molecules – are groups of two or
overlaps with many other scientific more atoms bonded together. They
disciplines, such as physics, biology, represent the smallest units of a
geology, and environmental science. chemical compound that can take
part in a chemical reaction.
Aluminum
Elements – are pure substances
Discovery: Aluminum was first consisting of only one type of atom.
isolated in the 19th century. They are the building blocks of all
matter and cannot be broken down
Occurrence: It does not occur in its into simpler substances by
pure metallic form in nature due to chemical means.
its high reactivity.
Compounds – are substances
Instead, it is found in compounds, most
formed when two or more different
commonly in the mineral bauxite (an ore),
types of atoms bond together in
from which it is commercially extracted.
fixed proportions.
Properties: It is lightweight, has
high corrosion resistance, and is an
excellent conductor of electricity,
making it valuable in engineering
applications.
1
,Scientific Method
Make Form
Observations Hypotheses
Conduct Draw
Experiments Conclusions
Classification of Matter
Three Levels of Perspective on
the Nature of Chemistry Substance – a form of matter that
has a constant composition and
1. Macroscopic Perspective – are distinct properties. Substances can
observations of matter and its be classified as either:
changes that can be seen with the
naked eye. It deals with the bulk Element – a pure substance made up of
properties and behaviors of only one type of atom.
substances.
Compound – a substance made up of two
2. Microscopic Perspective – focuses or more different types of atoms
on the structure, composition, and chemically bonded together.
behavior of atoms and molecules
that make up matter, typically at Mixture – a combination of two or
the atomic or molecular level. more substances that are not
chemically bonded and can be
3. Symbolic Perspective – it uses separated by physical means.
symbols, formulas, and equations
to represent chemical elements, Homogenous Mixture – a mixture that
compounds, reactions, and has a uniform composition throughout.
processes (e.g., 𝐻₂𝑂 for water, 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 The individual components are not
for sodium chloride). distinguishable (e.g., saltwater, air).
Heterogenous Mixture – a mixture with a
non-uniform composition, where the
different components are visible and can
2
, be separated easily (e.g., salad, oil and oxygen and releases energy in the form of
water). heat and light.
Properties of Matter Corrosion – is the gradual destruction or
deterioration of materials, usually metals,
Physical Property – a through chemical reactions with their
characteristic of a substance that environment.
can be observed or measured
without changing its composition Three States of Matter
(e.g., color, density, melting point).
Extensive Property – it depends on the Solid
amount of matter present (e.g., mass, •has a definite shape and volume. Particles are
closely packed in a fixed arrangement.
volume).
Liquid
•has a definite volume but no definite shape.
Intensive Property – independent of the Particles are closely packed but can move past
amount of matter present (e.g., density, each other, allowing liquids to flow
boiling point). Gas
•has neither a definite shape nor volume.
Particles are far apart and move freely, filling
Malleability – refers to the ability of a any container they are in.
material to be deformed under
compressive stress, such as being
hammered or rolled into thin sheets.
Density – of an object is defined as ratio of
mass to its volume and is a measure of
how much matter is packed into a given
space.
Chemical Property – a substance's
ability to undergo chemical
changes and form new substances
(e.g., reactivity with acid,
Chemistry is an empirical science that
flammability).
studies the composition, structure,
properties, and changes of matter.
Combustion – is a chemical process in
which a substance reacts rapidly with
3
