Solutions Manual For Logic and Contemporary
Rhetoric: The Use of Reason in Everyday Life 12th
Edition By Nancy M. Cavender, Howard Kahane
Prior to their extinction, Neanderthals had been widespread in Europe for 100,000
years. Then 50,000 years ago, modern humans moved into Europe from Africa.
Twenty-six thousand years after that the last Neanderthal died. At one time it was
thought that the Neanderthals were killed by climate change, but this theory has
now been discounted. So why did the Neanderthals perish? Probably they were
killed by the humans - ANSWER: Argument; conclusion: Probably they were killed by
the humans
During the past 80 years, the number of Model T Fords on the highway has steadily
fallen while the number of deaths from lung cancer has steadily risen. Thus, to
reduce the number of deaths from lung cancer we should bring back the Model T
Ford. - ANSWER: Inductive, weak
It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall.
There are criminal elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out
probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a vulnerable computer is found, these
criminals install software that assists them in committing identity theft and fencing
stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to
visit pay-per-click ads - ANSWER: Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ...
protected by a firewall
The relationship between two measurable factors can be represented by a graph. If
both values increase, they are considered to have a direct relationship. For example,
the more you work, the more money you make. If one value increases while the
other decreases, they have an inverse relationship. For example, the more you work
on your golf swing, the lower your score will be - ANSWER: Nonargument
If organic food contains pesticides, then consumers are misled. Organic food does
not contain pesticides. Therefore, consumers are not misled - ANSWER: Deductive,
invalid
Nicotine is addictive because its chemical structure is so similar to the
neurotransmitter acetylcholine that once inside the brain it unlocks several other
chemicals. One of these chemicals is dopamine, which produces a highly pleasant
sensation. Another is adrenaline, which increases alertness. Yet a third is serotonin,
which improves one's mood. When people are deprived of these chemicals, they
naturally want more, and this leads to addiction. - ANSWER: Nonargument
Professional football is the modern day equivalent of the Roman gladiatorial games.
Therefore, since it was expected that gladiators would kill their opponents, no one
should complain if professional football players injure or kill their opponents -
ANSWER: Inductive, weak
, Cats can see in the dark because they have a special mirror¾like layer of cells behind
their retina called the tapetum lucidum. When light passes through the retina, it is
reflected back through it by this layer of cells, and this provides additional
stimulation to the retina's light receptors. - ANSWER: Nonargument
In the expression "The moon sends forth light because it reflects light from the sun,"
the statement "The moon sends forth light" is called the - ANSWER: Explanandum
Water is a highly reactive substance, quite different both physically and chemically
from most other liquids. Indeed, life as we know it would be impossible if water did
not have the properties it does. The first living systems presumably arose in the
aqueous environment of shallow seas. It is therefore not surprising that the living
organisms of the present are intimately adapted at the molecular level to the special
properties of water. - ANSWER: Argument; conclusion: It is not surprising ...
properties of water
The farther away we look in distance, the further back we look in time. This fact
allows us to see what parts of the universe looked like in the distant past. For
example, if we look at a galaxy that is 1 billion light years away, its light has taken 1
billion years to reach us¾which means we are seeing it as it looked 1 billion years
ago - ANSWER: Nonargument.
Incandescent light bulbs eventually burn out because the high temperature of the
filament causes tungsten atoms to fly off and collect on the inside of the bulb's glass.
This loss of tungsten is slowed, but not prevented, by introducing argon inside the
bulb's envelope. As more and more atoms are lost, the filament disintegrates. When
this happens, no electricity flows through the filament, and the bulb produces no
light. - ANSWER: Nonargument
Which of the following sentences is a statement - ANSWER: You failed the last test.
There are three familiar states of matter: solid, liquid and gas. Solid objects ordinarily
maintain their shape and volume regardless of their location. A liquid occupies a
definite volume, but assumes the shape of the occupied portion of its container. A
gas maintains neither shape nor volume. It expands to fill completely whatever
container it is in - ANSWER: Nonargument
Henry and Carl, who are neighbors, are about the same age, and they both have
heart conditions. Henry takes Digitoxin for his heart, and it relieves his symptoms.
Therefore, it would be a good idea for Carl to take the same medicine for his heart. -
ANSWER: Inductive, weak
Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and
federal income tax and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local
merchants, increasing the amount these merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they
work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their employers and the
Rhetoric: The Use of Reason in Everyday Life 12th
Edition By Nancy M. Cavender, Howard Kahane
Prior to their extinction, Neanderthals had been widespread in Europe for 100,000
years. Then 50,000 years ago, modern humans moved into Europe from Africa.
Twenty-six thousand years after that the last Neanderthal died. At one time it was
thought that the Neanderthals were killed by climate change, but this theory has
now been discounted. So why did the Neanderthals perish? Probably they were
killed by the humans - ANSWER: Argument; conclusion: Probably they were killed by
the humans
During the past 80 years, the number of Model T Fords on the highway has steadily
fallen while the number of deaths from lung cancer has steadily risen. Thus, to
reduce the number of deaths from lung cancer we should bring back the Model T
Ford. - ANSWER: Inductive, weak
It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall.
There are criminal elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out
probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a vulnerable computer is found, these
criminals install software that assists them in committing identity theft and fencing
stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to
visit pay-per-click ads - ANSWER: Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ...
protected by a firewall
The relationship between two measurable factors can be represented by a graph. If
both values increase, they are considered to have a direct relationship. For example,
the more you work, the more money you make. If one value increases while the
other decreases, they have an inverse relationship. For example, the more you work
on your golf swing, the lower your score will be - ANSWER: Nonargument
If organic food contains pesticides, then consumers are misled. Organic food does
not contain pesticides. Therefore, consumers are not misled - ANSWER: Deductive,
invalid
Nicotine is addictive because its chemical structure is so similar to the
neurotransmitter acetylcholine that once inside the brain it unlocks several other
chemicals. One of these chemicals is dopamine, which produces a highly pleasant
sensation. Another is adrenaline, which increases alertness. Yet a third is serotonin,
which improves one's mood. When people are deprived of these chemicals, they
naturally want more, and this leads to addiction. - ANSWER: Nonargument
Professional football is the modern day equivalent of the Roman gladiatorial games.
Therefore, since it was expected that gladiators would kill their opponents, no one
should complain if professional football players injure or kill their opponents -
ANSWER: Inductive, weak
, Cats can see in the dark because they have a special mirror¾like layer of cells behind
their retina called the tapetum lucidum. When light passes through the retina, it is
reflected back through it by this layer of cells, and this provides additional
stimulation to the retina's light receptors. - ANSWER: Nonargument
In the expression "The moon sends forth light because it reflects light from the sun,"
the statement "The moon sends forth light" is called the - ANSWER: Explanandum
Water is a highly reactive substance, quite different both physically and chemically
from most other liquids. Indeed, life as we know it would be impossible if water did
not have the properties it does. The first living systems presumably arose in the
aqueous environment of shallow seas. It is therefore not surprising that the living
organisms of the present are intimately adapted at the molecular level to the special
properties of water. - ANSWER: Argument; conclusion: It is not surprising ...
properties of water
The farther away we look in distance, the further back we look in time. This fact
allows us to see what parts of the universe looked like in the distant past. For
example, if we look at a galaxy that is 1 billion light years away, its light has taken 1
billion years to reach us¾which means we are seeing it as it looked 1 billion years
ago - ANSWER: Nonargument.
Incandescent light bulbs eventually burn out because the high temperature of the
filament causes tungsten atoms to fly off and collect on the inside of the bulb's glass.
This loss of tungsten is slowed, but not prevented, by introducing argon inside the
bulb's envelope. As more and more atoms are lost, the filament disintegrates. When
this happens, no electricity flows through the filament, and the bulb produces no
light. - ANSWER: Nonargument
Which of the following sentences is a statement - ANSWER: You failed the last test.
There are three familiar states of matter: solid, liquid and gas. Solid objects ordinarily
maintain their shape and volume regardless of their location. A liquid occupies a
definite volume, but assumes the shape of the occupied portion of its container. A
gas maintains neither shape nor volume. It expands to fill completely whatever
container it is in - ANSWER: Nonargument
Henry and Carl, who are neighbors, are about the same age, and they both have
heart conditions. Henry takes Digitoxin for his heart, and it relieves his symptoms.
Therefore, it would be a good idea for Carl to take the same medicine for his heart. -
ANSWER: Inductive, weak
Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and
federal income tax and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local
merchants, increasing the amount these merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they
work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their employers and the
