TEST BANK For Morrison-Valfre, Foundations of Mental Health
Care 8th Edition
A male client who has a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is seen in the
emergency department with complaints of chest pain, shortness of breath, and
inability to concentrate, along with feelings of overwhelming anxiety. The nurse uses
Maslow's theory to triage the client's complaints, knowing that which complaint
must be addressed first?
A. Chest pain
B. Shortness of breath
C. Inability to concentrate
D. Overwhelming anxiety - ANSWER: A. Chest Pain
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the nurse first must address shortness of
breath, followed by chest pain, and then feelings of overwhelming anxiety and
inability to concentrate. Even though, based on his diagnostic history, this client may
be having a panic attack, the nurse cannot ignore basic needs that are not being met
first.
According to Freud's theory, a baby who is crying in response to wanting to be held
by his mother is an example of which part of the personality's control over behavior?
A.Self-control
B. Superego
C. Ego
D. Id - ANSWER: D. Id
According to Freud, the Id is the pleasure center of the brain that seeks immediate
pleasure or avoids pain, without regard for possible outcomes. The ego is reality
based and has more control than the id; the superego is not developed in early
childhood because it includes a conscience. Self-control is not a component of
Freud's theory of personality.
According to the theorist Erik Erikson, an individual strives to actualize his identity, is
most productive, and demonstrates guidance of and concern for others with a core
task of caring during which stage of psychosocial development?
A.Middle adulthood (25 to 65 years)
B.Young adulthood (18 to 25 years)
C. Puberty (12 to 18 years)
D. Maturity (65 years to death) - ANSWER: A. Middle adulthood (25 to 65 years)
The characteristics of striving to actualize identity, being most productive, and
demonstrating guidance of and concern for others, according to Erikson, are seen
during middle adulthood. Individuals who do not achieve the core task of caring
become stagnant, self-indulgent, and absorbed in themselves. The core task of
, young adulthood is love; the core task of maturity is wisdom; and the core task of
puberty is fidelity.
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development identifies an interrelationship
between the __________ and the __________ functions in the development of one's
personality.
A. Id, ego
B. Intellectual, emotional
C. Anxiety, affective
D. Personified, cognitive - ANSWER: B. Intellectual, emotional
Piaget believed that growth and development occurred as a result of the
interrelationship between intellectual (cognitive) and emotional (affective)
development. The id and the ego are part of Freud's beliefs regarding personality
development. Anxiety is a vague feeling of uneasiness. Personification is a term
developed by the theorist Sullivan to describe distorted images of certain
relationships that occur in development of the personality.
A 4-year-old client in a pediatric unit is imitating the actions of the nurse. The nurse
knows, according to Erik Erikson's theory, that this child is displaying a characteristic
seen during which developmental stage?
A.Latency
B. Anal-muscular
C.Genital-locomotor
D. Oral-sensory - ANSWER: C. Genital-locomotor
The genital-locomotor stage (preschool years) is characterized by exploration of the
environment, cooperative play, fantasy, and imitation of adults. Initiative and guilt
are core tasks of this stage. The latency stage occurs during the school-age years (6
to 12 years old), the oral-sensory stage occurs from birth to 1 year of age, and the
anal-muscular stage occurs during early childhood.
Humanistic theories are important to health care because these theories serve as the
foundation for the concept of:
A. Behaviorism
B. Behavior modification
C. Assertiveness training
D. Holistic care - ANSWER: D. Holistic care
Humanistic theories emphasize the total person, which serves as the basis of holistic
care. Assertiveness training refers to teaching a person to express his needs in
nonaggressive ways. Behaviorism is the belief that all behavior is learned, and
behavior modification is a therapy that teaches clients new behaviors that can be
used to replace dysfunctional behavior.
Care 8th Edition
A male client who has a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is seen in the
emergency department with complaints of chest pain, shortness of breath, and
inability to concentrate, along with feelings of overwhelming anxiety. The nurse uses
Maslow's theory to triage the client's complaints, knowing that which complaint
must be addressed first?
A. Chest pain
B. Shortness of breath
C. Inability to concentrate
D. Overwhelming anxiety - ANSWER: A. Chest Pain
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the nurse first must address shortness of
breath, followed by chest pain, and then feelings of overwhelming anxiety and
inability to concentrate. Even though, based on his diagnostic history, this client may
be having a panic attack, the nurse cannot ignore basic needs that are not being met
first.
According to Freud's theory, a baby who is crying in response to wanting to be held
by his mother is an example of which part of the personality's control over behavior?
A.Self-control
B. Superego
C. Ego
D. Id - ANSWER: D. Id
According to Freud, the Id is the pleasure center of the brain that seeks immediate
pleasure or avoids pain, without regard for possible outcomes. The ego is reality
based and has more control than the id; the superego is not developed in early
childhood because it includes a conscience. Self-control is not a component of
Freud's theory of personality.
According to the theorist Erik Erikson, an individual strives to actualize his identity, is
most productive, and demonstrates guidance of and concern for others with a core
task of caring during which stage of psychosocial development?
A.Middle adulthood (25 to 65 years)
B.Young adulthood (18 to 25 years)
C. Puberty (12 to 18 years)
D. Maturity (65 years to death) - ANSWER: A. Middle adulthood (25 to 65 years)
The characteristics of striving to actualize identity, being most productive, and
demonstrating guidance of and concern for others, according to Erikson, are seen
during middle adulthood. Individuals who do not achieve the core task of caring
become stagnant, self-indulgent, and absorbed in themselves. The core task of
, young adulthood is love; the core task of maturity is wisdom; and the core task of
puberty is fidelity.
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development identifies an interrelationship
between the __________ and the __________ functions in the development of one's
personality.
A. Id, ego
B. Intellectual, emotional
C. Anxiety, affective
D. Personified, cognitive - ANSWER: B. Intellectual, emotional
Piaget believed that growth and development occurred as a result of the
interrelationship between intellectual (cognitive) and emotional (affective)
development. The id and the ego are part of Freud's beliefs regarding personality
development. Anxiety is a vague feeling of uneasiness. Personification is a term
developed by the theorist Sullivan to describe distorted images of certain
relationships that occur in development of the personality.
A 4-year-old client in a pediatric unit is imitating the actions of the nurse. The nurse
knows, according to Erik Erikson's theory, that this child is displaying a characteristic
seen during which developmental stage?
A.Latency
B. Anal-muscular
C.Genital-locomotor
D. Oral-sensory - ANSWER: C. Genital-locomotor
The genital-locomotor stage (preschool years) is characterized by exploration of the
environment, cooperative play, fantasy, and imitation of adults. Initiative and guilt
are core tasks of this stage. The latency stage occurs during the school-age years (6
to 12 years old), the oral-sensory stage occurs from birth to 1 year of age, and the
anal-muscular stage occurs during early childhood.
Humanistic theories are important to health care because these theories serve as the
foundation for the concept of:
A. Behaviorism
B. Behavior modification
C. Assertiveness training
D. Holistic care - ANSWER: D. Holistic care
Humanistic theories emphasize the total person, which serves as the basis of holistic
care. Assertiveness training refers to teaching a person to express his needs in
nonaggressive ways. Behaviorism is the belief that all behavior is learned, and
behavior modification is a therapy that teaches clients new behaviors that can be
used to replace dysfunctional behavior.
