Test Bank For Pearson eText for Prehospital Emergency
Pharmacology -- Instant Access (Pearson+) 8th Edition
By N/A BLEDSOE, Dwayne Clayden
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER: the study of how drugs enter the body, reach their site
of action, and eventually become eliminated
drugs mechanism of action - ANSWER: once the drug reaches its target it activates
biochemical and physiological events
pharmacodynamics - ANSWER: study of the effects and strength of a drug within the
body
pharmacotherapeutics - ANSWER: a major study in the realm of pharmacology
concerned with how drugs are used in the treatment of disease within the human
body
4 processes with pharmacokinetics for a drug to reach its target - ANSWER: 1.
absorption
2. distribution
3. biotransformation
4. elimination
To produce desired effects of a drug - ANSWER: it must be an appropriate
concentration to reach its target
active transport - ANSWER: the movement of materials through a cell membrane
using energy
active transport achieved by - ANSWER: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) which is
broken down into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) creating energy
Common example of active transport mechanism - ANSWER: sodium potassium
pump (Na+ -K+), it actively moves sodium ions into the cell and potassium ions out of
the cell, since it goes against the concentration gradient it uses energy
Large molecules, such as glucose and amino acids - ANSWER: do not pass through
the cell membrane due to their size, until broken down
Large molecules move across the cell membrane - ANSWER: with the help from
carrier proteins, found on the surface of target cells
, The transport of large cells - ANSWER: is a process called carrier-mediated diffusion
or facilitated diffusion
Once the molecule to be transported binds with the carrier protein - ANSWER: the
cell membrane changes, allowing the large molecule to enter the target cell
Insulin - ANSWER: hormone created by the pancreas can increase the carrier-
mediated glucose from 10- to 20-fold
Most drugs travel by passive transport - ANSWER: which is the movement of a
substance without the use of energy
Form of passive transport - ANSWER: diffusion and osmosis
diffusion - ANSWER: involves the movement of solute in the solution
osmosis - ANSWER: involves the movement of the solvent (usually water)
In diffusion - ANSWER: solute molecules or ions move down concentration gradients
from high to low
In osmosis - ANSWER: solvent molecules move up the concentration gradient from
low to high
Final type of passive transport is filtration - ANSWER: movement of molecules across
a membrane down a pressure gradient, from an area of high pressure to an area of
low pressure. results from hydrostatic bp
drug absorption - ANSWER: process of movement of a drug from the site of
application into the body and into the extracellular compartment
7 main factors that affect drug absorption - ANSWER: 1. solubility of the drug
2. concentration of the drug
3. pH of the drug
4. site of absorption
5. absorbing surface area
6. blood supply to the site of absorption
7. bioavailability
solubility - ANSWER: tendency of the drug to dissolve
to facilitate drug absorption - ANSWER: the solubility of the administered drug must
match the cellular constituents of the absorption site
the human body contains how much percent of water - ANSWER: 60%
Pharmacology -- Instant Access (Pearson+) 8th Edition
By N/A BLEDSOE, Dwayne Clayden
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER: the study of how drugs enter the body, reach their site
of action, and eventually become eliminated
drugs mechanism of action - ANSWER: once the drug reaches its target it activates
biochemical and physiological events
pharmacodynamics - ANSWER: study of the effects and strength of a drug within the
body
pharmacotherapeutics - ANSWER: a major study in the realm of pharmacology
concerned with how drugs are used in the treatment of disease within the human
body
4 processes with pharmacokinetics for a drug to reach its target - ANSWER: 1.
absorption
2. distribution
3. biotransformation
4. elimination
To produce desired effects of a drug - ANSWER: it must be an appropriate
concentration to reach its target
active transport - ANSWER: the movement of materials through a cell membrane
using energy
active transport achieved by - ANSWER: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) which is
broken down into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) creating energy
Common example of active transport mechanism - ANSWER: sodium potassium
pump (Na+ -K+), it actively moves sodium ions into the cell and potassium ions out of
the cell, since it goes against the concentration gradient it uses energy
Large molecules, such as glucose and amino acids - ANSWER: do not pass through
the cell membrane due to their size, until broken down
Large molecules move across the cell membrane - ANSWER: with the help from
carrier proteins, found on the surface of target cells
, The transport of large cells - ANSWER: is a process called carrier-mediated diffusion
or facilitated diffusion
Once the molecule to be transported binds with the carrier protein - ANSWER: the
cell membrane changes, allowing the large molecule to enter the target cell
Insulin - ANSWER: hormone created by the pancreas can increase the carrier-
mediated glucose from 10- to 20-fold
Most drugs travel by passive transport - ANSWER: which is the movement of a
substance without the use of energy
Form of passive transport - ANSWER: diffusion and osmosis
diffusion - ANSWER: involves the movement of solute in the solution
osmosis - ANSWER: involves the movement of the solvent (usually water)
In diffusion - ANSWER: solute molecules or ions move down concentration gradients
from high to low
In osmosis - ANSWER: solvent molecules move up the concentration gradient from
low to high
Final type of passive transport is filtration - ANSWER: movement of molecules across
a membrane down a pressure gradient, from an area of high pressure to an area of
low pressure. results from hydrostatic bp
drug absorption - ANSWER: process of movement of a drug from the site of
application into the body and into the extracellular compartment
7 main factors that affect drug absorption - ANSWER: 1. solubility of the drug
2. concentration of the drug
3. pH of the drug
4. site of absorption
5. absorbing surface area
6. blood supply to the site of absorption
7. bioavailability
solubility - ANSWER: tendency of the drug to dissolve
to facilitate drug absorption - ANSWER: the solubility of the administered drug must
match the cellular constituents of the absorption site
the human body contains how much percent of water - ANSWER: 60%
