TEST BANK For Stuart Fox, Human Physiology 16th
Edition By Stuart Fox; Krista Rompolski Verified
Chapters 1 - 20, Complete Newest Version
Thoracic cavity - ANSWER:Includes the heart, trachea, esophagus and thymus within
the central mediastinum. Lungs fill the rest of the cavity (on the sides).
Ventilation - ANSWER:Mechanical process
that moves air into and out of the lungs
External respiration - ANSWER:Ventilation and gas exchange between blood and
lungs and
between blood and tissues
Internal respiration - ANSWER:Oxygen utilization by tissues to make ATP (cellular
respiration)
Gas exchange in the lungs - ANSWER:Occurs via diffusion down a concentration
gradient. O2 concentration is higher in the lung therefore diffusing to the blood and
CO2 concentration is higher in the blood therefore diffusion into the lungs.
Conducting zone - ANSWER:Transport air to the lungs. Warms humidifies and cleans
the air.
Conducting zone - ANSWER:The mouth/ nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary
bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, terminal bronchioles.
Cilia - ANSWER:Moves mucus secreted up the respiratory zone and away from the
lungs.
Larynx - ANSWER:Includes the glottis, false vocal box and true vocal box.
Vocal box - ANSWER:Voice proaction as air passes through
Respiratory zone - ANSWER:Site of gas exchange
Respiratory zone - ANSWER:Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar sacs, alveoli
Alveoli - ANSWER:Around 300 million air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange
occurs. Provide a great surface area increasing diffusion rate.
Type I alveolar cell (Type I pneumocyte) - ANSWER:Most abundant cell type in the
alveoli, 95−97% total surface area where gas exchange occurs.
, Type II alveolar cell (Type II pneumocyte) - ANSWER:Secrete pulmonary surfactant
and reabsorb sodium and water, preventing fluid buildup.
Surfactant - ANSWER:Complex lipoprotein (hydrophobic protein) and phospholipids
that reduces surface tension pressure between water molecules by reducing the
number of hydrogen bonds of water molecules inside the alveoli preventing alveoli
from collapsing and improving lung compliance.
Alveoli Surface Tension - ANSWER:Exerted by fluid secreted on the alveoli. Raises the
pressure of the alveolar air as it acts to collapse the alveolus.
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) - ANSWER:Suffered by premature infants
(born before 34 weeks of gestation) due to lack of surfactant.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in adults - ANSWER:Caused by septic shock,
reduced lung compliance and reduced surfactant.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) - ANSWER:Is not treatable with
surfactant.
Parietal pleura - ANSWER:Lines the thoracic wall (outside)
Visceral pleura - ANSWER:Covers the lungs (inside)
Intrapleural space - ANSWER:Potential space between parietal and visceral pleural
tissues. Contains a thin layer of fluid serving as lubricant.
Diaphragm - ANSWER:Dome-shape skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic from
the abdominal cavity. Contracts during Inspiration and relaxes during expiration.
Air movement - ANSWER:From higher pressure to low pressure.
Atmospheric pressure - ANSWER:Pressure of air outside the body. 760 mmHg.
Intrapulmonary or Intraalveolar pressure - ANSWER:Pressure inside the lungs/alveoli
Intrapleural pressure - ANSWER:Pressure within the intrapleural space (between
parietal and visceral pleura).
Inspiration (Inhalation) - ANSWER:Intrapulmonary pressure is less than the
atmospheric pressure allowing the air to move into the lungs down a pressure
gradient.
Sub atmospheric pressure/ Negative pressure - ANSWER:Pressure under
atmospheric pressure present inside the lungs when inspiration occurs. Change of -
3mmHg.
Edition By Stuart Fox; Krista Rompolski Verified
Chapters 1 - 20, Complete Newest Version
Thoracic cavity - ANSWER:Includes the heart, trachea, esophagus and thymus within
the central mediastinum. Lungs fill the rest of the cavity (on the sides).
Ventilation - ANSWER:Mechanical process
that moves air into and out of the lungs
External respiration - ANSWER:Ventilation and gas exchange between blood and
lungs and
between blood and tissues
Internal respiration - ANSWER:Oxygen utilization by tissues to make ATP (cellular
respiration)
Gas exchange in the lungs - ANSWER:Occurs via diffusion down a concentration
gradient. O2 concentration is higher in the lung therefore diffusing to the blood and
CO2 concentration is higher in the blood therefore diffusion into the lungs.
Conducting zone - ANSWER:Transport air to the lungs. Warms humidifies and cleans
the air.
Conducting zone - ANSWER:The mouth/ nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary
bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, terminal bronchioles.
Cilia - ANSWER:Moves mucus secreted up the respiratory zone and away from the
lungs.
Larynx - ANSWER:Includes the glottis, false vocal box and true vocal box.
Vocal box - ANSWER:Voice proaction as air passes through
Respiratory zone - ANSWER:Site of gas exchange
Respiratory zone - ANSWER:Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar sacs, alveoli
Alveoli - ANSWER:Around 300 million air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange
occurs. Provide a great surface area increasing diffusion rate.
Type I alveolar cell (Type I pneumocyte) - ANSWER:Most abundant cell type in the
alveoli, 95−97% total surface area where gas exchange occurs.
, Type II alveolar cell (Type II pneumocyte) - ANSWER:Secrete pulmonary surfactant
and reabsorb sodium and water, preventing fluid buildup.
Surfactant - ANSWER:Complex lipoprotein (hydrophobic protein) and phospholipids
that reduces surface tension pressure between water molecules by reducing the
number of hydrogen bonds of water molecules inside the alveoli preventing alveoli
from collapsing and improving lung compliance.
Alveoli Surface Tension - ANSWER:Exerted by fluid secreted on the alveoli. Raises the
pressure of the alveolar air as it acts to collapse the alveolus.
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) - ANSWER:Suffered by premature infants
(born before 34 weeks of gestation) due to lack of surfactant.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in adults - ANSWER:Caused by septic shock,
reduced lung compliance and reduced surfactant.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) - ANSWER:Is not treatable with
surfactant.
Parietal pleura - ANSWER:Lines the thoracic wall (outside)
Visceral pleura - ANSWER:Covers the lungs (inside)
Intrapleural space - ANSWER:Potential space between parietal and visceral pleural
tissues. Contains a thin layer of fluid serving as lubricant.
Diaphragm - ANSWER:Dome-shape skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic from
the abdominal cavity. Contracts during Inspiration and relaxes during expiration.
Air movement - ANSWER:From higher pressure to low pressure.
Atmospheric pressure - ANSWER:Pressure of air outside the body. 760 mmHg.
Intrapulmonary or Intraalveolar pressure - ANSWER:Pressure inside the lungs/alveoli
Intrapleural pressure - ANSWER:Pressure within the intrapleural space (between
parietal and visceral pleura).
Inspiration (Inhalation) - ANSWER:Intrapulmonary pressure is less than the
atmospheric pressure allowing the air to move into the lungs down a pressure
gradient.
Sub atmospheric pressure/ Negative pressure - ANSWER:Pressure under
atmospheric pressure present inside the lungs when inspiration occurs. Change of -
3mmHg.
