Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. The school nurse in a high school setting expresses concern to school administration
regarding the increase in student complaints about bullying, physical violence, and
rejection. Which concern related to psychosocial development does the nurse share as
being most important?
a. Students are preoccupied with how they are seen in the eyes of others.
b. Students who are bullied will develop issues related to sexual orientation.
c. Students may be unable to provide a meaningful definition of self.
d. Students who are aggressive will develop a strong sense of guilt as adults.
ANS: C
Chapter: Chapter 7 Growth and Development of the Child
Chapter Learning Objective: 3. Discuss psychosocial growth and development
according to Eric Erikson.
Page: 114
Heading: Psychosocial Development > Key Stages of Erikson’s Psychosocial
Development Theory
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Growth and Development
Difficulty: Difficult
Feedback
A. This is incorrect. During the identity versus role confusion stage of Erikson’s
theory, 12- to 18-year-olds are preoccupied with how they are seen in the eyes of
others. However, this manifestation exists even in the absence of peer violence.
B. This is incorrect. Sexual orientation issues are not manifestations of bullying;
however, sexual orientation can cause a person to be a target for bullying and
other violence.
C. This is correct. The nurse’s concern is focused on the possibility the students
involved in any aspect of bullying, physical violence, and rejection will be unable
to provide a meaningful definition of self, which places them at risk for role
confusion in one or more roles throughout life.
D. This is incorrect. Students who are aggressive may develop a strong sense of
guilt as adults, but this is just one aspect of the impact of bullying, physical
violence, and rejection—not the most important one.
, PTS: 1 CON: Growth and Development
2. The nurse is counseling parents about management of their children who are 2, 4, and 6
years of age. One of the parents states, “We believe in Kohlberg’s theory of social-moral
development.” The nurse is aware that the preconventional stage of this theory involves
which characteristic?
a. Behavior is adjusted according to good/bad and right/wrong thinking.
b. A personal and functional value system is constructed by the child.
c. The focus of the child is on following rules and maintaining social order.
d. Value systems are independent of authority figures and peers.
ANS: A
Chapter: Chapter 7 Growth and Development of the Child
Chapter Learning Objective: 5. Discuss social-moral growth and development
according to Lawrence Kohlberg.
Page: 115
Heading: Table 7-6: Kohlberg’s Three Stages of Moral Development
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Growth and Development
Difficulty: Difficult
Feedback
A. This is correct. The children in the family are all in the preconventional level of
Kohlberg’s theory. Stages include obedience and punishment orientation, and
individualism and exchange. Characteristics include following rules set by those
in authority and behavior adjusted according to good/bad and right/wrong
thinking.
B. This is incorrect. A personal and functional value system is constructed by the
child and is a characteristic of the postconventional autonomous level of
Kohlberg’s theory.
C. This is incorrect. When the focus of the child is on following rules and
maintaining social order, the nurse recognizes the conventional level of
Kohlberg’s theory.
D. This is incorrect. When a child’s value systems are independent of authority
figures and peers, the child is exhibiting the characteristics of the
postconventional autonomous level of Kohlberg’s theory.
PTS: 1 CON: Growth and Development
3. The nurse is teaching a parenting class being held in a community clinic. The nurse is
focusing on behaviors that will assist in increasing the number of children who score well
in kindergarten readiness screening. Which comment by a parent indicates the need for
, additional information?
a. “I am not athletic, but the kids would love an outdoor play area.”
b. “Practicing counting with the kids while traveling is a good idea.”
c. “I like the suggestion to label basic items for word recognition.”
d. “In our family we watch TV; books are a waste of money.”
ANS: D
Chapter: Chapter 7 Growth and Development of the Child
Chapter Learning Objective: 6. Discuss the theory of nature versus nurture.
Page: 115
Heading: Nature Versus Nurture
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Growth and Development
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
A. This is incorrect. The nurse’s information is adequate if a parent recognizes the
importance of physical activity and development, even though the parent
identifies as being nonathletic.
B. This is incorrect. The nurse’s information is adequate if a parent recognizes the
value of using “lost” time for learning.
C. This is incorrect. The nurse’s information is adequate if a parent understands that
labeling items will lead to word recognition.
D. This is correct. The nurse needs to provide additional information to the parent
who thinks books are a waste of money. The parent needs to be aware of
community agencies that will supply books to children and of programs that
provide reading/story times.
PTS: 1 CON: Growth and Development
4. The nurse in a pediatric clinic is performing an assessment on an infant in the presence of
both parents. The parents are short and moderately overweight. One parent states, “We
are going to do everything we can to raise a strong, tall, athletic child.” How does the
nurse respond?
a. Provides materials about healthy diets and lifestyles for families
b. Shares the impact of genetics on environmental conditions
c. Suggests to the parents how to alter their lifestyles
d. Recognizes the parents for having positive attitudes and goals
ANS: B
Chapter: Chapter 7 Growth and Development of the Child
Chapter Learning Objective: 6. Discuss the theory of nature versus nurture.
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. The school nurse in a high school setting expresses concern to school administration
regarding the increase in student complaints about bullying, physical violence, and
rejection. Which concern related to psychosocial development does the nurse share as
being most important?
a. Students are preoccupied with how they are seen in the eyes of others.
b. Students who are bullied will develop issues related to sexual orientation.
c. Students may be unable to provide a meaningful definition of self.
d. Students who are aggressive will develop a strong sense of guilt as adults.
ANS: C
Chapter: Chapter 7 Growth and Development of the Child
Chapter Learning Objective: 3. Discuss psychosocial growth and development
according to Eric Erikson.
Page: 114
Heading: Psychosocial Development > Key Stages of Erikson’s Psychosocial
Development Theory
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Growth and Development
Difficulty: Difficult
Feedback
A. This is incorrect. During the identity versus role confusion stage of Erikson’s
theory, 12- to 18-year-olds are preoccupied with how they are seen in the eyes of
others. However, this manifestation exists even in the absence of peer violence.
B. This is incorrect. Sexual orientation issues are not manifestations of bullying;
however, sexual orientation can cause a person to be a target for bullying and
other violence.
C. This is correct. The nurse’s concern is focused on the possibility the students
involved in any aspect of bullying, physical violence, and rejection will be unable
to provide a meaningful definition of self, which places them at risk for role
confusion in one or more roles throughout life.
D. This is incorrect. Students who are aggressive may develop a strong sense of
guilt as adults, but this is just one aspect of the impact of bullying, physical
violence, and rejection—not the most important one.
, PTS: 1 CON: Growth and Development
2. The nurse is counseling parents about management of their children who are 2, 4, and 6
years of age. One of the parents states, “We believe in Kohlberg’s theory of social-moral
development.” The nurse is aware that the preconventional stage of this theory involves
which characteristic?
a. Behavior is adjusted according to good/bad and right/wrong thinking.
b. A personal and functional value system is constructed by the child.
c. The focus of the child is on following rules and maintaining social order.
d. Value systems are independent of authority figures and peers.
ANS: A
Chapter: Chapter 7 Growth and Development of the Child
Chapter Learning Objective: 5. Discuss social-moral growth and development
according to Lawrence Kohlberg.
Page: 115
Heading: Table 7-6: Kohlberg’s Three Stages of Moral Development
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Growth and Development
Difficulty: Difficult
Feedback
A. This is correct. The children in the family are all in the preconventional level of
Kohlberg’s theory. Stages include obedience and punishment orientation, and
individualism and exchange. Characteristics include following rules set by those
in authority and behavior adjusted according to good/bad and right/wrong
thinking.
B. This is incorrect. A personal and functional value system is constructed by the
child and is a characteristic of the postconventional autonomous level of
Kohlberg’s theory.
C. This is incorrect. When the focus of the child is on following rules and
maintaining social order, the nurse recognizes the conventional level of
Kohlberg’s theory.
D. This is incorrect. When a child’s value systems are independent of authority
figures and peers, the child is exhibiting the characteristics of the
postconventional autonomous level of Kohlberg’s theory.
PTS: 1 CON: Growth and Development
3. The nurse is teaching a parenting class being held in a community clinic. The nurse is
focusing on behaviors that will assist in increasing the number of children who score well
in kindergarten readiness screening. Which comment by a parent indicates the need for
, additional information?
a. “I am not athletic, but the kids would love an outdoor play area.”
b. “Practicing counting with the kids while traveling is a good idea.”
c. “I like the suggestion to label basic items for word recognition.”
d. “In our family we watch TV; books are a waste of money.”
ANS: D
Chapter: Chapter 7 Growth and Development of the Child
Chapter Learning Objective: 6. Discuss the theory of nature versus nurture.
Page: 115
Heading: Nature Versus Nurture
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Growth and Development
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
A. This is incorrect. The nurse’s information is adequate if a parent recognizes the
importance of physical activity and development, even though the parent
identifies as being nonathletic.
B. This is incorrect. The nurse’s information is adequate if a parent recognizes the
value of using “lost” time for learning.
C. This is incorrect. The nurse’s information is adequate if a parent understands that
labeling items will lead to word recognition.
D. This is correct. The nurse needs to provide additional information to the parent
who thinks books are a waste of money. The parent needs to be aware of
community agencies that will supply books to children and of programs that
provide reading/story times.
PTS: 1 CON: Growth and Development
4. The nurse in a pediatric clinic is performing an assessment on an infant in the presence of
both parents. The parents are short and moderately overweight. One parent states, “We
are going to do everything we can to raise a strong, tall, athletic child.” How does the
nurse respond?
a. Provides materials about healthy diets and lifestyles for families
b. Shares the impact of genetics on environmental conditions
c. Suggests to the parents how to alter their lifestyles
d. Recognizes the parents for having positive attitudes and goals
ANS: B
Chapter: Chapter 7 Growth and Development of the Child
Chapter Learning Objective: 6. Discuss the theory of nature versus nurture.
