UHC Final Exam (2024/2025) | Actual Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025 (Graded A+)

Dependency - Dependency theory: Andre Gunder Frank - The people of less-developed countries are not to blame for the failure of their societies to develop. Instead, he suggested that Western nations deliberately failed to develop these countries. - Guatemala and how it became both dependent and underdeveloped (the 1950s) - Metropole and satellite (Core/Periphery) - Gunder Frank Nationalism - A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country. - One of the reasons Trujillo gained peasant support = Nationalism and state formation - "My best friends are the men of work" - Addressed the peasants: something that has never happened before - Widespread support - Length of rule = connection with the peasants Imperialism - A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. CIA-orchestrated 1954 coup against the left in Guatemala - June 1954 Castillo Armas invasion begins (480 men, planes provided by the CIA) - Bay of Pigs: CIA trained Cuban exiles to return to Cuba to overthrow the Castro regime. President Eisenhower organized the operation (The goal was to prevent the spread of communism to a new country) Hegemony - Leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others. - Mexico experienced hegemonic power during the Porfiriato period (). President Porfirio Diaz maintained his power through suppression of opposition groups while allowing foreign corporations to exploit Mexico's natural resources for their own benefit. This led to increased inequality between wealthy elites who benefited from foreign investment and rural peasants who remained impoverished. - (Example de Google) Cuba during the 20th century: The US occupied Cuba from 1898 to 1902 and then controlled its economy and government through the Platt Amendment. This allowed the US to intervene in Cuban affairs whenever it deemed necessary, giving them significant control over Cuba's political and economic policies. Republicanism - A philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the will of the people. The government is based on the consent of the governed. - Electoral fraud is a threat to Republicanism - Republicanism is based on the principles of representative government and the rule of law, which require fair and transparent electoral processes to ensure that citizens can freely choose their leaders. - Electoral fraud, which involves manipulating the electoral process to influence the outcome of an election, undermines these principles and can erode public trust in the legitimacy of the government.