HESI Fundamentals of Nursing : Study Guide & Practice
Questions & Labvalue
Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on
health?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Mary Nutting
c. Clara Barton
d. Lillian Wald - ANSWER: a.Florence Nightingale
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses
connected poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton,
and Lillian Wald came after Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession
in her own way. Mary Nutting was instrumental in moving nursing education into
universities. Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Lillian Wald helped open
the Henry Street Settlement
The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which
standard of nursing practice is the nurse following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation - ANSWER: c. Planning
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and
alternatives to attain expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse
collects comprehensive data pertinent to the patient's health and/or the situation. In
diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the assessment data to determine the
diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse implements
(carries out) the identified plan.
An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of
proficiency is the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
,c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner - ANSWER: a. Novice
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no
previous level of experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to
now practice in home health) is an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse
perceives a patient's clinical situation as a whole, is able to assess an entire situation,
and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences to a
situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care
required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients).
This nurse is a competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and
establish long-range goals. A nurse who has had some level of experience with the
situation is an advanced beginner. This experience may only be observational in
nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles of nursing
care.
A nurse assesses a patient's fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink
more fluids. The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which
concept is the nurse demonstrating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability - ANSWER: b. Autonomy
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation
of independent nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in
the United States, the RN candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN®. Beyond the NCLEX-
RN®, the nurse may choose to work toward certification in a specific area of nursing
practice. Accountability means that you are responsible, professionally and legally,
for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is
the nurse implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver - ANSWER: b. Manager
,A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering
nursing care and has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific
nursing unit or facility. As an educator, you explain concepts and facts about health,
describe the reason for routine care activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-
care activities, reinforce learning or patient behavior, and evaluate the patient's
progress in learning. As a patient advocate, you protect your patient's human and
legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. As a
caregiver, you help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and
symptoms, and attain a maximal level function and independence through the
healing process.
The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced
practice nurse. However, the nurse has a strong desire to pursue research and
theory development. To fulfill this desire, which program should the nurse attend?
a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc)
b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD)
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP)
d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN) - ANSWER: b. Doctor of Philosophy
degree (PhD)
Some doctoral programs prepare nurses for more rigorous research and theory
development and award the research-oriented Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in
nursing. Professional doctoral programs in nursing (DSN or DNSc) prepare graduates
to apply research findings to clinical nursing. The DNP is a practice doctorate that
prepares advanced practice nurses such as nurse practitioners.
A nurse attends a workshop on current nursing issues provided by the American
Nurses Association. Which type of education did the nurse receive?
a. Graduate education
b. Inservice education
c. Continuing education
d. Registered nurse education - ANSWER: c. Continuing education
Continuing education involves formal, organized educational programs offered by
universities, hospitals, state nurses associations, professional nursing organizations,
and educational and health care institutions. After obtaining a baccalaureate degree
in nursing, you can pursue graduate education leading to a master's or doctoral
degree in any number of graduate fields, including nursing. Inservice education
, programs are instruction or training provided by a health care facility or institution.
Registered nurse education is the education preparation for an individual intending
to be an RN.
A nurse identifies gaps between local and best practices. Which Quality and Safety
Education for Nurses (QSEN) competency is the nurse demonstrating?
a. Safety
b. Patient-centered care
c. Quality improvement
d. Teamwork and collaboration - ANSWER: c. Quality improvement
Quality improvement identifies gaps between local and best practices. Safety
minimizes risk of harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness
and individual performance. Patient-centered care recognizes the patient or
designee as the source of control and full partner in providing compassionate and
coordinated care based on respect for patient's preferences, values, and needs.
Teamwork and collaboration allows effective functioning within nursing and
interprofessional teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared
decision making.
A nurse has compassion fatigue. What is the nurse experiencing?
a. Lateral violence and intrapersonal conflict
b. Burnout and secondary traumatic stress
c. Short-term grief and single stressor
d. Physical and mental exhaustion - ANSWER: b. Burnout and secondary traumatic
stress
Compassion fatigue is a term used to describe a state of burnout and secondary
traumatic stress. Compassion fatigue may contribute to what is described as lateral
violence (nurse-nurse interactions, not intrapersonal). Frequent, intense, or
prolonged exposure to grief and loss places nurses at risk for developing compassion
fatigue. Stressors, not a single stressor, contribute to compassion fatigue. Physical
and mental exhaustion describes burnout only.
A patient is scheduled for surgery. When getting ready to obtain the informed
consent, the patient tells the nurse, "I have no idea what is going to happen. I
couldn't ask any questions." The nurse does not allow the patient to sign the permit
Questions & Labvalue
Which nurse most likely kept records on sanitation techniques and the effects on
health?
a. Florence Nightingale
b. Mary Nutting
c. Clara Barton
d. Lillian Wald - ANSWER: a.Florence Nightingale
Nightingale was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist. Her statistical analyses
connected poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. Mary Nutting, Clara Barton,
and Lillian Wald came after Nightingale, each contributing to the nursing profession
in her own way. Mary Nutting was instrumental in moving nursing education into
universities. Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Lillian Wald helped open
the Henry Street Settlement
The nurse prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcome. Which
standard of nursing practice is the nurse following?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation - ANSWER: c. Planning
In planning, the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and
alternatives to attain expected outcomes. During assessment, the registered nurse
collects comprehensive data pertinent to the patient's health and/or the situation. In
diagnosis, the registered nurse analyzes the assessment data to determine the
diagnoses or issues. During implementation, the registered nurse implements
(carries out) the identified plan.
An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of
proficiency is the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
a. Novice
b. Proficient
,c. Competent
d. Advanced beginner - ANSWER: a. Novice
A beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no
previous level of experience (e.g., an experienced operating room nurse chooses to
now practice in home health) is an example of a novice nurse. A proficient nurse
perceives a patient's clinical situation as a whole, is able to assess an entire situation,
and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences to a
situation. A competent nurse understands the organization and specific care
required by the type of patients (e.g., surgical, oncology, or orthopedic patients).
This nurse is a competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and
establish long-range goals. A nurse who has had some level of experience with the
situation is an advanced beginner. This experience may only be observational in
nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles of nursing
care.
A nurse assesses a patient's fluid status and decides that the patient needs to drink
more fluids. The nurse then encourages the patient to drink more fluids. Which
concept is the nurse demonstrating?
a. Licensure
b. Autonomy
c. Certification
d. Accountability - ANSWER: b. Autonomy
Autonomy is an essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation
of independent nursing interventions without medical orders. To obtain licensure in
the United States, the RN candidate must pass the NCLEX-RN®. Beyond the NCLEX-
RN®, the nurse may choose to work toward certification in a specific area of nursing
practice. Accountability means that you are responsible, professionally and legally,
for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
5. A nurse prepares the budget and policies for an intensive care unit. Which role is
the nurse implementing?
a. Educator
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Caregiver - ANSWER: b. Manager
,A manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering
nursing care and has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific
nursing unit or facility. As an educator, you explain concepts and facts about health,
describe the reason for routine care activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-
care activities, reinforce learning or patient behavior, and evaluate the patient's
progress in learning. As a patient advocate, you protect your patient's human and
legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. As a
caregiver, you help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and
symptoms, and attain a maximal level function and independence through the
healing process.
The nurse has been working in the clinical setting for several years as an advanced
practice nurse. However, the nurse has a strong desire to pursue research and
theory development. To fulfill this desire, which program should the nurse attend?
a. Doctor of Nursing Science degree (DNSc)
b. Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD)
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice degree (DNP)
d. Doctor in the Science of Nursing degree (DSN) - ANSWER: b. Doctor of Philosophy
degree (PhD)
Some doctoral programs prepare nurses for more rigorous research and theory
development and award the research-oriented Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in
nursing. Professional doctoral programs in nursing (DSN or DNSc) prepare graduates
to apply research findings to clinical nursing. The DNP is a practice doctorate that
prepares advanced practice nurses such as nurse practitioners.
A nurse attends a workshop on current nursing issues provided by the American
Nurses Association. Which type of education did the nurse receive?
a. Graduate education
b. Inservice education
c. Continuing education
d. Registered nurse education - ANSWER: c. Continuing education
Continuing education involves formal, organized educational programs offered by
universities, hospitals, state nurses associations, professional nursing organizations,
and educational and health care institutions. After obtaining a baccalaureate degree
in nursing, you can pursue graduate education leading to a master's or doctoral
degree in any number of graduate fields, including nursing. Inservice education
, programs are instruction or training provided by a health care facility or institution.
Registered nurse education is the education preparation for an individual intending
to be an RN.
A nurse identifies gaps between local and best practices. Which Quality and Safety
Education for Nurses (QSEN) competency is the nurse demonstrating?
a. Safety
b. Patient-centered care
c. Quality improvement
d. Teamwork and collaboration - ANSWER: c. Quality improvement
Quality improvement identifies gaps between local and best practices. Safety
minimizes risk of harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness
and individual performance. Patient-centered care recognizes the patient or
designee as the source of control and full partner in providing compassionate and
coordinated care based on respect for patient's preferences, values, and needs.
Teamwork and collaboration allows effective functioning within nursing and
interprofessional teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared
decision making.
A nurse has compassion fatigue. What is the nurse experiencing?
a. Lateral violence and intrapersonal conflict
b. Burnout and secondary traumatic stress
c. Short-term grief and single stressor
d. Physical and mental exhaustion - ANSWER: b. Burnout and secondary traumatic
stress
Compassion fatigue is a term used to describe a state of burnout and secondary
traumatic stress. Compassion fatigue may contribute to what is described as lateral
violence (nurse-nurse interactions, not intrapersonal). Frequent, intense, or
prolonged exposure to grief and loss places nurses at risk for developing compassion
fatigue. Stressors, not a single stressor, contribute to compassion fatigue. Physical
and mental exhaustion describes burnout only.
A patient is scheduled for surgery. When getting ready to obtain the informed
consent, the patient tells the nurse, "I have no idea what is going to happen. I
couldn't ask any questions." The nurse does not allow the patient to sign the permit
