Test Bank For Chemical Principles The Quest for Insight
7th Edition By Peter Atkins; Loretta Jones; Leroy
Laverman
Chemistry - ANSWER: the study of interactions between atoms and molecules
Atom - ANSWER: Smallest unit of matter that enters into chemical reaction
Molecules - ANSWER: What atoms form when they interact with
Atoms are composed of: - ANSWER: protons, neutrons, electrons
Electrons - ANSWER: Negatively charged particles no mass
Protons - ANSWER: Positively charged particles and a mass of 1 unit
Neutrons - ANSWER: Uncharged particles and a mass of 1 unit
Atoms are usually electrically neutral - ANSWER: Number of electrons = number of
protons
What is in the nucleus of an atom? - ANSWER: protons and neutrons
What moves around the nucleus of an atom? - ANSWER: electrons
Elements - ANSWER: substances composed of only one type of atom
atomic mass - ANSWER: sum of masses of protons and neutrons
Isotopes - ANSWER: atoms with different number of neutrons
Ions - ANSWER: Charged atoms after losing or gaining one electron
Cation - ANSWER: Gives away its electron and becomes positive
Anion - ANSWER: Takes away the electron and becomes a negative ion
chemical bonding electrons - ANSWER: Only the electrons of atoms interact, so they
determine an atoms chemical behavior
valence electrons - ANSWER: Electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom
covalent bond - ANSWER: Form when two atoms share one or more electrons (water
molecule)
, nonpolar covalent bond - ANSWER: Electrons are equally shared by atoms
polar covalent bond - ANSWER: Electrons spend more time with one atom
Ionic bonds - ANSWER: When electrons leave an atom to move to another , leaving
the molecule with a charge.
Hydrogen bonds - ANSWER: Form when a hydrogen atom that is in a polar covalent
bond is attracted to another atom
Weaker than covalent bonds but essential for life since these help stabilize large 3 D
structures like DNA pairs and water
stability - ANSWER: full/complete outer energy level of valence electrons
Elements tend to bond in a way that allows them to achieve a full outer electron
shell like the stable noble gases
Hydrophilic - ANSWER: Attracted to water
Hydrophobic - ANSWER: not attracted to water
Acids - ANSWER: Chemicals that release hydrogen atoms when dissolved in water H+
Bases (alkaline) - ANSWER: Compounds that release hydroxyl ions when dissolved in
water OH-
pH scale - ANSWER: Concentration of H+ in a solution is expressed
Buffers - ANSWER: prevent drastic changes in internal pH
lower pH - ANSWER: more acidic less than 7
higher pH - ANSWER: more basic (alkaline) greater than 7
Neutral pH - ANSWER: pH of 7
Log based (ph) - ANSWER: Difference between the numbers
4 biomolecules - ANSWER: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
subunits - ANSWER: When Digestion breaks down biomolecules
Monomers - ANSWER: Basic building blocks of polymers (macromolecules)
Polymers - ANSWER: Constructed of simple units (monomers) stacked together
dehydration synthesis - ANSWER: Will join monomers to make a polymer
7th Edition By Peter Atkins; Loretta Jones; Leroy
Laverman
Chemistry - ANSWER: the study of interactions between atoms and molecules
Atom - ANSWER: Smallest unit of matter that enters into chemical reaction
Molecules - ANSWER: What atoms form when they interact with
Atoms are composed of: - ANSWER: protons, neutrons, electrons
Electrons - ANSWER: Negatively charged particles no mass
Protons - ANSWER: Positively charged particles and a mass of 1 unit
Neutrons - ANSWER: Uncharged particles and a mass of 1 unit
Atoms are usually electrically neutral - ANSWER: Number of electrons = number of
protons
What is in the nucleus of an atom? - ANSWER: protons and neutrons
What moves around the nucleus of an atom? - ANSWER: electrons
Elements - ANSWER: substances composed of only one type of atom
atomic mass - ANSWER: sum of masses of protons and neutrons
Isotopes - ANSWER: atoms with different number of neutrons
Ions - ANSWER: Charged atoms after losing or gaining one electron
Cation - ANSWER: Gives away its electron and becomes positive
Anion - ANSWER: Takes away the electron and becomes a negative ion
chemical bonding electrons - ANSWER: Only the electrons of atoms interact, so they
determine an atoms chemical behavior
valence electrons - ANSWER: Electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom
covalent bond - ANSWER: Form when two atoms share one or more electrons (water
molecule)
, nonpolar covalent bond - ANSWER: Electrons are equally shared by atoms
polar covalent bond - ANSWER: Electrons spend more time with one atom
Ionic bonds - ANSWER: When electrons leave an atom to move to another , leaving
the molecule with a charge.
Hydrogen bonds - ANSWER: Form when a hydrogen atom that is in a polar covalent
bond is attracted to another atom
Weaker than covalent bonds but essential for life since these help stabilize large 3 D
structures like DNA pairs and water
stability - ANSWER: full/complete outer energy level of valence electrons
Elements tend to bond in a way that allows them to achieve a full outer electron
shell like the stable noble gases
Hydrophilic - ANSWER: Attracted to water
Hydrophobic - ANSWER: not attracted to water
Acids - ANSWER: Chemicals that release hydrogen atoms when dissolved in water H+
Bases (alkaline) - ANSWER: Compounds that release hydroxyl ions when dissolved in
water OH-
pH scale - ANSWER: Concentration of H+ in a solution is expressed
Buffers - ANSWER: prevent drastic changes in internal pH
lower pH - ANSWER: more acidic less than 7
higher pH - ANSWER: more basic (alkaline) greater than 7
Neutral pH - ANSWER: pH of 7
Log based (ph) - ANSWER: Difference between the numbers
4 biomolecules - ANSWER: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
subunits - ANSWER: When Digestion breaks down biomolecules
Monomers - ANSWER: Basic building blocks of polymers (macromolecules)
Polymers - ANSWER: Constructed of simple units (monomers) stacked together
dehydration synthesis - ANSWER: Will join monomers to make a polymer
