Test Bank For Lilley's Pharmacology for Canadian
Health Care Practice 4th Edition Kara Sealock ; Cydnee
Seneviratne; Linda Lane Lilley; Shelly Rainforth Collins;
Julie S. Snyder
Additive effects - ANSWER: Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of
two or more drugs with similar actions is equivalent to the sum of the individual
effects of the same drugs given alone. For example, 1 + 1 = 2 (compare with
synergistic effects).
Adverse drug event - ANSWER: Any undesirable occurrence related to administering
or failing to administer a prescribed medication.
Adverse drug reaction - ANSWER: Any unexpected, unintended, undesired, or
excessive response to a medication given at therapeutic dosages (as opposed to
overdose).
Adverse effects - ANSWER: A general term for any undesirable effects that are a
direct response to one or more drugs.
Agonist - ANSWER: A drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or more
receptors in the body.
Allergic reaction - ANSWER: An immunologic hypersensitivity reaction resulting from
the unusual sensitivity of a patient to a particular medicine; a type of adverse drug
event
Antagonist - ANSWER: A drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more
receptors in the body. Antagonists are also called inhibitors.
Antagonistic effects - ANSWER: Drug interactions in which the effect of a
combination or two or more drugs is less than the sum of the individual effects of
the same drugs given alone ( 1 + 1 equals less than 2 ); it is usually caused by an
antagonizing (blocking or reducing) effect of one drug on another.
Bioavailability - ANSWER: A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given
drug and route (from 0% to 100%).
Biotransformation - ANSWER: One or more biochemical reactions involving a parent
drug. Biotransformation occurs mainly in the liver and produces a metabolite that is
either inactive or active. Also known as metabolism.
, Blood-brain barrier - ANSWER: The barrier system that restricts the passage of
various chemicals and microscopic entities (e.g., bacteria, viruses) between the
bloodstream and the central nervous system. It still allows for the passage of
essential substances such as oxygen.
Chemical name - ANSWER: The name that describes the chemical composition and
molecular structure of a drug.
Contraindication - ANSWER: Any condition, especially one related to a disease state
or patient characteristic, including current or recent drug therapy, that renders a
particular form of treatment improper or undesirable.
Cytochrome P-450 - ANSWER: The general name for a large class of enzymes that
play a significant role in drug metabolism and drug interactions.
Dependence - ANSWER: A state in which there is a compulsive or chronic need, as
for a drug.
Dissolution - ANSWER: The process by which solid forms of drugs disintegrate in the
gastrointestinal tract and become soluble before being absorbed into the circulation.
Drug - ANSWER: Any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living
organism.
Drug actions - ANSWER: The processes involved in the interaction between a drug
and body cells (e.g., the action of a drug on a receptor protein); also called
mechanism of action.
Drug classification - ANSWER: A method of grouping drugs; may be based on one
structure or therapeutic use.
Drug effects - ANSWER: The physiologic reactions of the body to a drug. They can be
therapeutic or toxic and describe how the body is affected as a whole by the drug.
The terms onset, peak, and duration are used to describe drug effects (most often
referring to therapeutic effects).
Drug-induced teratogenesis - ANSWER: The development of congenital anomalies or
defects in the developing fetus caused by the toxic effects of drugs.
Drug interaction - ANSWER: Alteration in the pharmacologic or pharmacokinetic
activity of a given drug caused by the presence of one or more additional drugs; it is
usually related to effects on the enzymes required for metabolism of the involved
drugs.
Duration of action - ANSWER: The length of time the concentration of a drug in the
blood or tissues is sufficient to elicit a response.
Health Care Practice 4th Edition Kara Sealock ; Cydnee
Seneviratne; Linda Lane Lilley; Shelly Rainforth Collins;
Julie S. Snyder
Additive effects - ANSWER: Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of
two or more drugs with similar actions is equivalent to the sum of the individual
effects of the same drugs given alone. For example, 1 + 1 = 2 (compare with
synergistic effects).
Adverse drug event - ANSWER: Any undesirable occurrence related to administering
or failing to administer a prescribed medication.
Adverse drug reaction - ANSWER: Any unexpected, unintended, undesired, or
excessive response to a medication given at therapeutic dosages (as opposed to
overdose).
Adverse effects - ANSWER: A general term for any undesirable effects that are a
direct response to one or more drugs.
Agonist - ANSWER: A drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or more
receptors in the body.
Allergic reaction - ANSWER: An immunologic hypersensitivity reaction resulting from
the unusual sensitivity of a patient to a particular medicine; a type of adverse drug
event
Antagonist - ANSWER: A drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more
receptors in the body. Antagonists are also called inhibitors.
Antagonistic effects - ANSWER: Drug interactions in which the effect of a
combination or two or more drugs is less than the sum of the individual effects of
the same drugs given alone ( 1 + 1 equals less than 2 ); it is usually caused by an
antagonizing (blocking or reducing) effect of one drug on another.
Bioavailability - ANSWER: A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given
drug and route (from 0% to 100%).
Biotransformation - ANSWER: One or more biochemical reactions involving a parent
drug. Biotransformation occurs mainly in the liver and produces a metabolite that is
either inactive or active. Also known as metabolism.
, Blood-brain barrier - ANSWER: The barrier system that restricts the passage of
various chemicals and microscopic entities (e.g., bacteria, viruses) between the
bloodstream and the central nervous system. It still allows for the passage of
essential substances such as oxygen.
Chemical name - ANSWER: The name that describes the chemical composition and
molecular structure of a drug.
Contraindication - ANSWER: Any condition, especially one related to a disease state
or patient characteristic, including current or recent drug therapy, that renders a
particular form of treatment improper or undesirable.
Cytochrome P-450 - ANSWER: The general name for a large class of enzymes that
play a significant role in drug metabolism and drug interactions.
Dependence - ANSWER: A state in which there is a compulsive or chronic need, as
for a drug.
Dissolution - ANSWER: The process by which solid forms of drugs disintegrate in the
gastrointestinal tract and become soluble before being absorbed into the circulation.
Drug - ANSWER: Any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living
organism.
Drug actions - ANSWER: The processes involved in the interaction between a drug
and body cells (e.g., the action of a drug on a receptor protein); also called
mechanism of action.
Drug classification - ANSWER: A method of grouping drugs; may be based on one
structure or therapeutic use.
Drug effects - ANSWER: The physiologic reactions of the body to a drug. They can be
therapeutic or toxic and describe how the body is affected as a whole by the drug.
The terms onset, peak, and duration are used to describe drug effects (most often
referring to therapeutic effects).
Drug-induced teratogenesis - ANSWER: The development of congenital anomalies or
defects in the developing fetus caused by the toxic effects of drugs.
Drug interaction - ANSWER: Alteration in the pharmacologic or pharmacokinetic
activity of a given drug caused by the presence of one or more additional drugs; it is
usually related to effects on the enzymes required for metabolism of the involved
drugs.
Duration of action - ANSWER: The length of time the concentration of a drug in the
blood or tissues is sufficient to elicit a response.
