Test Bank For Mosby's Canadian Manual of Diagnostic and
Laboratory Tests 2nd Edition by Timothy Pagana, Sandra Pike-
MacDonald, Kathleen Pagana
Potassium - ANSWER: 3.5-5 mEq/L
Check levels in treatment w/diuretics or dialysis
Check too low or too high potassium
Check for problem with kidneys or adrenal glands
Check effects of total parenteral nutrition
Cell lysis syndrome as in cancer cancer
Sodium - ANSWER: 135-146 mEq/L
A blood test to check sodium levels is done to:
Check the water and electrolyte balance of the body.
Find the cause of symptoms from low or high levels of sodium.
Check the progress of diseases of the kidneys or adrenal glands.
Chloride - ANSWER: 98-106 mEq/L
A test for chloride may be done to:
Check your chloride level if you are having symptoms such as muscle twitching or
spasms, breathing problems, weakness, or confusion.
Find out whether you have kidney or adrenal gland problems.
Help find the cause for high blood pH. A condition called metabolic alkalosis can be
caused by a loss of acid from your body (for example, from a loss of electrolytes
through prolonged vomiting or diarrhea). You may also have metabolic alkalosis if
your body loses too much sodium or you eat too much baking soda (sodium
bicarbonate).
PTT - ANSWER: partial prothrombin time
60-70 seconds
measures the time it takes your blood to clot.
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is done to:
Find a cause of abnormal bleeding or bruising.
Check for low levels of blood clotting factors. The lack of some clotting factors can
cause bleeding disorders such as hemophilia.
Check for conditions that cause clotting problems. Conditions such as
antiphospholipid antibody syndrome or lupus anticoagulant syndrome develop when
the immune system makes antibodies that attack blood clotting factors. This can
cause the blood to clot easily in veins and arteries.
Check to see if the dose of anti-clotting medicine is right.
, PT - ANSWER: Another blood clotting test, called prothrombin time (PT), measures
other clotting factors. Partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time are often
done at the same time to check for bleeding problems caused by a problem with the
clotting factors.
INR - ANSWER: INR (international normalized ratio) stands for a way of standardizing
the results of prothrombin time tests,
Glucose - ANSWER: 70-110
Fasting blood sugar (FBS) measures blood glucose after you have not eaten for at
least 8 hours. It is often the first test done to check for prediabetes and diabetes.
glycosylated hemoglobin - ANSWER: 4-5.9% normal adult
<7% - good diabetic control
8-9% - fair diabetic control
>9% - poor diabetic control
Glycohemoglobin A1c measures how much sugar (glucose) is stuck to red blood cells.
This test can be used to diagnose diabetes. It also shows how well your diabetes has
been controlled in the last 2 to 3 months and whether your diabetes medicine needs
to be changed. The result of your A1c test can be used to estimate your average
blood sugar level. This is called your estimated average glucose, or eAG.
Albumin - ANSWER: 3.5-5.0 g/dL
Albumin is tested to:
Check how well the liver and kidneys are working.
Find out if your diet contains enough protein.
Help determine the cause of swelling of the ankles (edema) or abdomen (ascites) or
of fluid collection in the lungs that may cause shortness of breath (pulmonary
edema)
Troponin - ANSWER: Troponin normal values:1
TnI: Less than 0.35 micrograms per liter (mcg/L)
TnT: Less than 0.2 mcg/L
Cardiac enzyme studies measure the levels of enzymes and proteins that are linked
with injury of the heart muscle. These include the enzymes creatine phosphokinase
(CPK) and creatine kinase (CK), and the proteins troponin I (TnI) and troponin T (TnT).
Low levels of these enzymes and proteins are normally found in your blood, but if
your heart muscle is injured, such as from a heart attack, the enzymes and proteins
leak out of damaged heart muscle cells, and their levels in the bloodstream rise.
Creatnine - ANSWER: Men: 0.6-1.2 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or 71-106
micromoles per liter (mcmol/L)
Laboratory Tests 2nd Edition by Timothy Pagana, Sandra Pike-
MacDonald, Kathleen Pagana
Potassium - ANSWER: 3.5-5 mEq/L
Check levels in treatment w/diuretics or dialysis
Check too low or too high potassium
Check for problem with kidneys or adrenal glands
Check effects of total parenteral nutrition
Cell lysis syndrome as in cancer cancer
Sodium - ANSWER: 135-146 mEq/L
A blood test to check sodium levels is done to:
Check the water and electrolyte balance of the body.
Find the cause of symptoms from low or high levels of sodium.
Check the progress of diseases of the kidneys or adrenal glands.
Chloride - ANSWER: 98-106 mEq/L
A test for chloride may be done to:
Check your chloride level if you are having symptoms such as muscle twitching or
spasms, breathing problems, weakness, or confusion.
Find out whether you have kidney or adrenal gland problems.
Help find the cause for high blood pH. A condition called metabolic alkalosis can be
caused by a loss of acid from your body (for example, from a loss of electrolytes
through prolonged vomiting or diarrhea). You may also have metabolic alkalosis if
your body loses too much sodium or you eat too much baking soda (sodium
bicarbonate).
PTT - ANSWER: partial prothrombin time
60-70 seconds
measures the time it takes your blood to clot.
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is done to:
Find a cause of abnormal bleeding or bruising.
Check for low levels of blood clotting factors. The lack of some clotting factors can
cause bleeding disorders such as hemophilia.
Check for conditions that cause clotting problems. Conditions such as
antiphospholipid antibody syndrome or lupus anticoagulant syndrome develop when
the immune system makes antibodies that attack blood clotting factors. This can
cause the blood to clot easily in veins and arteries.
Check to see if the dose of anti-clotting medicine is right.
, PT - ANSWER: Another blood clotting test, called prothrombin time (PT), measures
other clotting factors. Partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time are often
done at the same time to check for bleeding problems caused by a problem with the
clotting factors.
INR - ANSWER: INR (international normalized ratio) stands for a way of standardizing
the results of prothrombin time tests,
Glucose - ANSWER: 70-110
Fasting blood sugar (FBS) measures blood glucose after you have not eaten for at
least 8 hours. It is often the first test done to check for prediabetes and diabetes.
glycosylated hemoglobin - ANSWER: 4-5.9% normal adult
<7% - good diabetic control
8-9% - fair diabetic control
>9% - poor diabetic control
Glycohemoglobin A1c measures how much sugar (glucose) is stuck to red blood cells.
This test can be used to diagnose diabetes. It also shows how well your diabetes has
been controlled in the last 2 to 3 months and whether your diabetes medicine needs
to be changed. The result of your A1c test can be used to estimate your average
blood sugar level. This is called your estimated average glucose, or eAG.
Albumin - ANSWER: 3.5-5.0 g/dL
Albumin is tested to:
Check how well the liver and kidneys are working.
Find out if your diet contains enough protein.
Help determine the cause of swelling of the ankles (edema) or abdomen (ascites) or
of fluid collection in the lungs that may cause shortness of breath (pulmonary
edema)
Troponin - ANSWER: Troponin normal values:1
TnI: Less than 0.35 micrograms per liter (mcg/L)
TnT: Less than 0.2 mcg/L
Cardiac enzyme studies measure the levels of enzymes and proteins that are linked
with injury of the heart muscle. These include the enzymes creatine phosphokinase
(CPK) and creatine kinase (CK), and the proteins troponin I (TnI) and troponin T (TnT).
Low levels of these enzymes and proteins are normally found in your blood, but if
your heart muscle is injured, such as from a heart attack, the enzymes and proteins
leak out of damaged heart muscle cells, and their levels in the bloodstream rise.
Creatnine - ANSWER: Men: 0.6-1.2 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or 71-106
micromoles per liter (mcmol/L)
