Test Bank For Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing
Practice 3rd Edition By Janie B. Butts
theory - ANSWER:a supposition or system of ideas that is proposed to explain a given
phenomenon (ie: theory of gravity)
practice discipline - ANSWER:used for fields of study in which the central focus is
performance of a professional role (nursing, teaching, etc)
conceptual framework - ANSWER:a group of related ideas, statements, or concepts
grand theories - ANSWER:those that articulate a broad range of the significant
relationships among the concepts of a discipline
paradigm - ANSWER:refers to a pattern of shared understandings and assumptions
about reality and the world. they include our notions of reality that are largely
unconscious or taken for granted
metaparadigm for nursing - ANSWER:client, environment, health, nursing
midlevel theory - ANSWER:focus on the exploration of concepts such as pain, self-
esteem, learning, and hardiness
philosophy - ANSWER:a belief system, often an early effort to define nursing
phenomena, and serves as the basis for later theoretical formulations
nursing philosophies - ANSWER:Nightingale, Henderson, and Watson
nursing models - ANSWER:Neuman, Orem, Rogers, Roy, and King
nursing theories - ANSWER:Peplau, Leininger, and Parse
Nightingale's environmental theory - ANSWER:links health w/ 5 environmental
factors: pure or fresh air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light,
especially sunlight
PEPLAU'S INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS MODEL - ANSWER:existence of a therapeutic
relationship betw the nurse and the client. 4 phases: orientation, identification,
exploitation, and resolution
Henderson's definition of nursing - ANSWER:nurse is concerned w/ both healthy and
ill. emphasis on independence from, and interdependence w/, other health care
disciplines is well recognized. Nurses role= assisting sick or healthy individuals
independence in meeting 14 fundamental needs.
, Rogers' science of unitary human beings - ANSWER:person=irreducible whole, the
whole being greater than the sum of its parts. humans=dynamic energy fields in
continuous exchange w/ environmental fields. 4D.
Orem's general theory of nursing* - ANSWER:based on 4 concepts: self-care, self-
care agency, self-care requisites(needs), and therapeutic self-care demand
King's goal attainment theory - ANSWER:relationship of personal systems
(individuals), interpersonal systems (groups such as nurse-client), and social systems
(education, health care, etc)
Neuman's systems model* - ANSWER:based on the individual's relationship to stress,
the reaction to it, and reconstitution factors that are dynamic in nature.
reconstitution is the state of adaptation to stressors (atom model) intra=infection,
inter=unrealistic role expectations, extra=$ concerns
Roy's adaptation model - ANSWER:the process and outcome whereby the thinking
and feeling person uses conscious awareness and choice to create human and
environmental integration. 4 modes: physiological, self-concept, role function mode,
and interdependence mode.
Leininger's cultural care diversity and universality theory - ANSWER:human caring
varies among cultures in its expressions, processes, and patterns. it is largely
culturally derived. focuses on what is univeral among cultures and what varies.
Watson's human caring theory - ANSWER:caring=unifying focus for practice. carative
factors=clinical caritas processes (10 of them)
Parse's human becoming theory - ANSWER:3 assumptions about human becoming
focus on meaning, rhythmicity, and cotranscendence
1. Ventilation
2. Pure Water
3. Efficient Drainage
4. Cleanliness
5. Light
Also: Noise, Warmth and Diet - ANSWER:List 5 Environmental theory of Nightingale
Hildegard Peplau - ANSWER:AKA the Psychiatric Nurse
Virginia Henderson (Virgin Mary) - ANSWER:AKA the CARING nurse
Martha Rogers - ANSWER:AKA the ENERGY nurse - whole/parts "Hippie"
Hildegard Peplau - ANSWER:Use of therapeutic relationships
Practice 3rd Edition By Janie B. Butts
theory - ANSWER:a supposition or system of ideas that is proposed to explain a given
phenomenon (ie: theory of gravity)
practice discipline - ANSWER:used for fields of study in which the central focus is
performance of a professional role (nursing, teaching, etc)
conceptual framework - ANSWER:a group of related ideas, statements, or concepts
grand theories - ANSWER:those that articulate a broad range of the significant
relationships among the concepts of a discipline
paradigm - ANSWER:refers to a pattern of shared understandings and assumptions
about reality and the world. they include our notions of reality that are largely
unconscious or taken for granted
metaparadigm for nursing - ANSWER:client, environment, health, nursing
midlevel theory - ANSWER:focus on the exploration of concepts such as pain, self-
esteem, learning, and hardiness
philosophy - ANSWER:a belief system, often an early effort to define nursing
phenomena, and serves as the basis for later theoretical formulations
nursing philosophies - ANSWER:Nightingale, Henderson, and Watson
nursing models - ANSWER:Neuman, Orem, Rogers, Roy, and King
nursing theories - ANSWER:Peplau, Leininger, and Parse
Nightingale's environmental theory - ANSWER:links health w/ 5 environmental
factors: pure or fresh air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light,
especially sunlight
PEPLAU'S INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS MODEL - ANSWER:existence of a therapeutic
relationship betw the nurse and the client. 4 phases: orientation, identification,
exploitation, and resolution
Henderson's definition of nursing - ANSWER:nurse is concerned w/ both healthy and
ill. emphasis on independence from, and interdependence w/, other health care
disciplines is well recognized. Nurses role= assisting sick or healthy individuals
independence in meeting 14 fundamental needs.
, Rogers' science of unitary human beings - ANSWER:person=irreducible whole, the
whole being greater than the sum of its parts. humans=dynamic energy fields in
continuous exchange w/ environmental fields. 4D.
Orem's general theory of nursing* - ANSWER:based on 4 concepts: self-care, self-
care agency, self-care requisites(needs), and therapeutic self-care demand
King's goal attainment theory - ANSWER:relationship of personal systems
(individuals), interpersonal systems (groups such as nurse-client), and social systems
(education, health care, etc)
Neuman's systems model* - ANSWER:based on the individual's relationship to stress,
the reaction to it, and reconstitution factors that are dynamic in nature.
reconstitution is the state of adaptation to stressors (atom model) intra=infection,
inter=unrealistic role expectations, extra=$ concerns
Roy's adaptation model - ANSWER:the process and outcome whereby the thinking
and feeling person uses conscious awareness and choice to create human and
environmental integration. 4 modes: physiological, self-concept, role function mode,
and interdependence mode.
Leininger's cultural care diversity and universality theory - ANSWER:human caring
varies among cultures in its expressions, processes, and patterns. it is largely
culturally derived. focuses on what is univeral among cultures and what varies.
Watson's human caring theory - ANSWER:caring=unifying focus for practice. carative
factors=clinical caritas processes (10 of them)
Parse's human becoming theory - ANSWER:3 assumptions about human becoming
focus on meaning, rhythmicity, and cotranscendence
1. Ventilation
2. Pure Water
3. Efficient Drainage
4. Cleanliness
5. Light
Also: Noise, Warmth and Diet - ANSWER:List 5 Environmental theory of Nightingale
Hildegard Peplau - ANSWER:AKA the Psychiatric Nurse
Virginia Henderson (Virgin Mary) - ANSWER:AKA the CARING nurse
Martha Rogers - ANSWER:AKA the ENERGY nurse - whole/parts "Hippie"
Hildegard Peplau - ANSWER:Use of therapeutic relationships
