Test Bank For Reading, Understanding, and Applying Nursing
Research 6th Edition By James A. Fain
Analysis of covariance - ANSWER:statistical procedure in which a regression analysis
is carried out before performing ANOVA; designed to reduce the variance within
groups by partialing out the variance caused by a confounding variable
Analysis of variance - ANSWER:statistical test used to examine differences among
two or more groups by comparing the variability between groups with the variability
within each group
Between-group variance - ANSWER:a source of variation of the group means around
the grand mean; determined by conducting analysis of variance statistical technique
Bimodal distribution - ANSWER:describes a data set in which two modes exist
Bivariate correlation - ANSWER:Measures the extent of relationship between two
variables.
Causality - ANSWER:Relationship that includes three conditions: (1) there must be a
strong correlation between the proposed cause and effect; (2) the proposed cause
must precede the effect in time; and (3) the cause must be present whenever the
effect occurs.
Chi-square test of independence - ANSWER:used to analyze nominal data to
determine significant differences between observed frequencies within the data and
frequencies that were expected
Clinical importance - ANSWER:measure related to the practical relevance of the
findings of a study
Coefficient of multiple determination - ANSWER:Statistical technique that involves
the use of multiple independent variables to predict one dependent variable;
represented by an R2 statistic.
Conclusions - ANSWER:synthesis and clarification of the meaning of study findings
Confidence interval - ANSWER:Probability of including the value of the population in
an interval estimate
Decision theory - ANSWER:Theory based on assumptions associated with the
theoretical normal curve; used in testing for differences between groups, with the
expectation that all the groups are members of the same population. The
, expectation is expressed as a null hypothesis, and the level of significance (alpha) is
often set at 0.05 before data collection.
Degrees of freedom - ANSWER:The freedom of a score's value to vary, given the
values of other existing scores and the established sum of these scores (df=N-1).
Descriptive statistics - ANSWER:statistics that allow the researcher to organize the
data in ways that gives meaning and facilitate insight, such as frequency distributions
and measures of central tendency and dispersion
Effect size - ANSWER:the degree to which the phenomenon studied is present in the
population or to which the null hypothesis is false
Explained variance - ANSWER:Variation in values explained by the relationship
between the two variables
Exploratory analysis - ANSWER:examining the data descriptively to become as
familiar as possible with it
Factor - ANSWER:A category of several closely related variables that are considered
together
Factor analysis - ANSWER:Analysis that examines interrelationships among large
numbers of variables and disentangles those relationships to identify clusters of
variables that are closely linked. Two common types of factor analysis conducted are
exploratory and confirmatory
Findings - ANSWER:the translated and interpreted results from a study
Frequency distribution - ANSWER:statistical procedures that lists all possible
measures of a variable and tallies each datum on the listing.
Generalization - ANSWER:Extension of the implications of the findings from the
sample or situation that was studied to a larger population or situation
Grouped frequency distributions - ANSWER:means of grouping continuous measures
of data into categories
Implications for nursing - ANSWER:the meaning of research conclusions for the body
of nursing knowledge, theory, and practice
Independent groups - ANSWER:Study groups chosen so that the selection of one
subject is unrelated to the selection of other subjects. For example, if subjects are
randomly assigned to a treatment group or a comparison group, the groups are
independent
Research 6th Edition By James A. Fain
Analysis of covariance - ANSWER:statistical procedure in which a regression analysis
is carried out before performing ANOVA; designed to reduce the variance within
groups by partialing out the variance caused by a confounding variable
Analysis of variance - ANSWER:statistical test used to examine differences among
two or more groups by comparing the variability between groups with the variability
within each group
Between-group variance - ANSWER:a source of variation of the group means around
the grand mean; determined by conducting analysis of variance statistical technique
Bimodal distribution - ANSWER:describes a data set in which two modes exist
Bivariate correlation - ANSWER:Measures the extent of relationship between two
variables.
Causality - ANSWER:Relationship that includes three conditions: (1) there must be a
strong correlation between the proposed cause and effect; (2) the proposed cause
must precede the effect in time; and (3) the cause must be present whenever the
effect occurs.
Chi-square test of independence - ANSWER:used to analyze nominal data to
determine significant differences between observed frequencies within the data and
frequencies that were expected
Clinical importance - ANSWER:measure related to the practical relevance of the
findings of a study
Coefficient of multiple determination - ANSWER:Statistical technique that involves
the use of multiple independent variables to predict one dependent variable;
represented by an R2 statistic.
Conclusions - ANSWER:synthesis and clarification of the meaning of study findings
Confidence interval - ANSWER:Probability of including the value of the population in
an interval estimate
Decision theory - ANSWER:Theory based on assumptions associated with the
theoretical normal curve; used in testing for differences between groups, with the
expectation that all the groups are members of the same population. The
, expectation is expressed as a null hypothesis, and the level of significance (alpha) is
often set at 0.05 before data collection.
Degrees of freedom - ANSWER:The freedom of a score's value to vary, given the
values of other existing scores and the established sum of these scores (df=N-1).
Descriptive statistics - ANSWER:statistics that allow the researcher to organize the
data in ways that gives meaning and facilitate insight, such as frequency distributions
and measures of central tendency and dispersion
Effect size - ANSWER:the degree to which the phenomenon studied is present in the
population or to which the null hypothesis is false
Explained variance - ANSWER:Variation in values explained by the relationship
between the two variables
Exploratory analysis - ANSWER:examining the data descriptively to become as
familiar as possible with it
Factor - ANSWER:A category of several closely related variables that are considered
together
Factor analysis - ANSWER:Analysis that examines interrelationships among large
numbers of variables and disentangles those relationships to identify clusters of
variables that are closely linked. Two common types of factor analysis conducted are
exploratory and confirmatory
Findings - ANSWER:the translated and interpreted results from a study
Frequency distribution - ANSWER:statistical procedures that lists all possible
measures of a variable and tallies each datum on the listing.
Generalization - ANSWER:Extension of the implications of the findings from the
sample or situation that was studied to a larger population or situation
Grouped frequency distributions - ANSWER:means of grouping continuous measures
of data into categories
Implications for nursing - ANSWER:the meaning of research conclusions for the body
of nursing knowledge, theory, and practice
Independent groups - ANSWER:Study groups chosen so that the selection of one
subject is unrelated to the selection of other subjects. For example, if subjects are
randomly assigned to a treatment group or a comparison group, the groups are
independent
